Exam 5—Vaccination

Question 1

variolation

Answer 1

dried pustules from smallpox were inhaled or rubbed into skin to prevent smallpox

resulted in smallpox infection 1/100 times

Question 2

first vaccine

Answer 2

1796 - Jenner - cowpox was used to purposefully inoculate people against smallpox

Question 3

eradication of smallpox in year…

Answer 3

1979

Question 4

2 first polio vaccines

Answer 4

Salk vaccine - 1955 - 3 killed strains of polio (IPV)
Sabin vaccine - 1963 - 3 live strains of polio - trivalent oral polio vaccine (TVOP) - given in a sugar cube

Question 5

best practice for polio vaxx

Answer 5

use IPV and then TVOP

Question 6

polio vaxx crisis

Answer 6

1955 - 94 people became ill from improperly inactivated vaccine

Question 7

VP7 and VP4

Answer 7

highly variable coat proteins on rotavirus

Question 8

RotaTeq

Answer 8

based on a cattle virus that has a combination of human and cow antigens

Question 9

Rotarix

Answer 9

attenuated - contains common versions of coat proteins

Question 10

Bacille Calmette-Guerin

Answer 10

TB vaxx from cow version
50% effective
not used in USA

Question 11

toxoid vaccines ex)

Answer 11

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Clostridium tetani

Question 12

capsule vaccine ex)

Answer 12

S. pneumoniae

Question 13

conjugate vaccine
example

Answer 13

Vaccines combine pathogen sugar with a toxoid

ex. Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide bound to tetanus or diphtheria toxoid

Question 14

anthrax vaccine type

specifically incites —– response

Answer 14

conjugate

T-cell/cellular

Question 15

why are adjuvants necessary

Answer 15

Purified proteins alone result in missing B7 signal from dendritic cells

Question 16

alum

Answer 16

aluminum hydroxide mixed with antigen

Question 17

Freund’s adjuvant

Answer 17

antigen mixed with mineral oil or heat-killed Mycobacterium

Question 18

explain original antigenic sin

Answer 18

if you get the flu for the second time in a season, your body is prevented from making new antibody because there may be one or two recognizable epitopes on the second virus

antibody you have doesn’t stop you from getting sick, and you don’t get any new ones either

Question 19

whooping cough vaxx side effects

Answer 19

sleepiness or other seizure like symptoms that went away

Question 20

whooping cough vaxx crisis

Answer 20

Japan in 1975, two children died after receiving the vaccine

immunizations dropped from 85% to 15%, and the incidence (and mortality) of whooping cough went up by twenty-fold

Question 21

serum collected from thousands of individuals, sterilized, and given to immunocompromised patients or used to treat Hepatitis A

Answer 21

pooled human sera Ig

Question 22

serum collected from patients known to have been infected with a specific pathogen

treatment for Hepatitis B

“convalescent plasma” treatment for COVID

Answer 22

specific human Ig

Question 23

despeciation

Answer 23

Fc is removed from babyBIG to prevent allergic rxn