External SA Parasites 1

Question 1

Why are pets scratching?

Answer 1

Fleas
Lice
Biting fleas
Mites
Ticks
Helminths
Disease from hypersensitivity, skin lesions, infectious agents

Question 2

Factors abt flea life stage

Answer 2

Eggs - >50% hum, 25c*
Larva - white and turn brown, 83% develop in carpet
Pupa - 10d-6m emersion due to pressure/heat
Adult - begins on host, blood feeding =permanent parasite

Question 3

Highest % of population on body parts

Answer 3

Tail - 1-6%
Head/anus - 6-20%
Legs - 20-25%
Pits - 25-34%
Neck - 34-38%
Ventral torso - 38-45%
Dorsal torso - 45-63%

Question 4

Possible reactions to fleas

Answer 4

Little response
Flea bite dermatitis
Flea allergy dermatitis - hypersensitivity (8% of cats)

Question 5

What occurs when fleas bite

Answer 5

Flea makes several insertions to locate capillary
Saliva contains histamine ish compounds - proteolytic, cytolytic & anticoagulant enzymes
Erthyematous wheal = classic primary lesion in hypersensitive dogs and cats
Continuous exposure can lead to decreased reaction
FLEA BITE DERMATITIS - most common derm entity

Question 6

FAD presentation

Answer 6

Dogs - erythema, alopecia, papules & crust w scratching leading to self-trauma, esp on rump/tail head
Cats - Miliary dermatitis w alopecia, pruritus, licking, scratching & self trauma

Question 7

FAD testing

Answer 7

Intradermal skin testing
8.2% of dogs allergic to flea salvia

Question 8

FAD presentation on body

Answer 8

1 Confined to dorsal lumbosacral /tail head

#2 Caudomedial thighs, ventral ab, flank
#3 neck, forearms, ears
Miliary dermatitis starts around lower neck/back

Question 9

Side effects of fleas

Answer 9

Anemia - common in young animals

Question 10

Species of fleas

Answer 10

Diplyidium canium - zoonotic
Acanthocheilonema reconditum -
Rickettsia spp - zoonotic, R.felis/R.typhi
Bartonella Henselae - zoonotic
Mycoplasma haemofelis

Question 11

Controlling fleas

Answer 11

Break flea cycle indoors, minimize reinfection, remove
Control requires treatment of the pet, contact animals and environment (indoor/outdoor)

Question 12

Environmental control for fleas

Answer 12

Repeated vacuuming
Proper disposal - heat, freezing, sealed discard
Steam cleaning, mopping
Wash at 60*c and dry at high settings, use pyrethroids

Question 13

Outdoor flea control

Answer 13

Clear debris
Cedar chips
Present flea eating nematodes
Targeted insecticides at sleeping areas

Question 14

Poultry & rodent fleas

Answer 14

Poultry stick tight flea - echidnophaga glalinacea
- bird pest, can spread to C&D, adult F attaches semi perm
Rodent flea - xenopsylla cheopis
- transmits plague
Human flea - pulex irritans

Question 15

SA ectoparasites

Answer 15

Lice
Treatments include Imidacloprid, fipronil, selamectin, permethrin, isoxazolines

Question 16

Species of lice

Answer 16

Dog
- linognatus setosus - sucking
- trichodectes canis, heterodoxus spiniger - biting
Cat
No sucking lice
- felicola subrostratus

Question 17

Flies

Answer 17

Fly hypersensitivity
Papules/wheals w central crusts —>ulceration = lesions
Common in pinnae & face
Associated w mosquitos, stable flies (Stomoxys) , black flies (simuliidae)
Cuterebra - rodent bot fly
Fly strike - myiasis

Question 18

Treating flies

Answer 18

Insecticide w repellent activity
Vaseline or barrier methods

Question 19

Bed bugs

Answer 19

Cimex species
Commonly found on humans than transmitted to pets
SA pesticides are not labeled for bed bugs