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SS - Exam 4 > Equine Derm 2 > Flashcards

Equine Derm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Weeping and seeping

A

Most dermatosis
- accumulation of fluid exudate which is 2nd to skin damage

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2
Q

Ulcerative lyphangitis

A

Caused by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
SUDDEN onset swelling of lower limbs (hind)
MULTI draining sores, follow lymph distribution

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3
Q

Tx of ulcerative lymphangitis

A

Antimicrobials therapy
- penicillin + aminoglycosides or floroquinolones
NSAIDS
Hydrotherapy
Bandaging to decrease edema

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4
Q

Pastern dermatitis

A

Scratches or greasy heel
Dermatitis of heel & caudal pastern
Common but not specific disease entity

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5
Q

Scratchy etiology

A

Chronic irritation of caudal pastern and heel
May be complicated by self-trauma
Infectious organisms often involved

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6
Q

Scratches Pathophys

A

Constantly exposed to irritation/injury, moisture and caustic substances
• Irritated skin allows for colonization by bacteria, fungi
• Infection —>worsened inflammation (pain, swelling) ±
exudation ± crusting, alopecia =constant flexion may lead to fissure formation
• Pediculosis and acariasis may predispose to/initiate this process

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7
Q

Clinical signs of scratches

A

Lesions may develop in one or more limbs
May involve only unpigmented skin initially
Acute lesions begin at heels then spread proximally and
anteriorly
Skin becomes thickened and may develop fissures - tightening of skin

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8
Q

DX and differentials of scratches

A

Diagnosis:
Any case involving only unpigmented skin must be evaluated for hepatic disease!!
Impression smears, fungal cultures, groomings and skin scrapings should be done in all cases
Differentials:
Contact dermatitis, chorioptic mange, photosensitization, vasculitis, sarcoid

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9
Q

Treating scratches

A

Treat predisposing problem - damage: mechanical, chemical, hair
Clean w 2% chlorhexidine scrub
Topical GC’s
- gentocin spray

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10
Q

Nodules

A

Common finding in many derm conditions
Inflammation: infectious, allergy, sterile
Non inflame: cysts, hernias
Neoplastic

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11
Q

Nodular necrobiosis

A

MOST common nodular skin condition ***
Firm, painless subQ nodules
DX by history & clin signs: biopsy definitive XX necessary
Treat w intralesional or systemic steroids

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12
Q

Neoplasia differentials

A

Sarcoid
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

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13
Q

Sarcoid

A

MOST common tumor of horses 90%
Found in young/YA horses
Head and ears
Locally invasive but nonmalignant - BPV?

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14
Q

Progression of sarcoids

A

Occult: flat, dry
Verrucous: wart like
Nodular: no skin eruption
Fibrous: looks like proliferative granulation tissue

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15
Q

Malignant or malevolent sarcoid

A

AGGRESSIVE & locally invasive
Multiple tumor types in one individual

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16
Q

SCC

A

Locally invasive, slow to metastasize
Common in Appaloosa, light colored breeds, YA <5y
-Non healing ulcerations
-nonpigmented skin - MCc junctions
-cauliflower lesions, bleeding

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17
Q

Risk and prog for SCC

A

Chronic UV exposure
Infection w equine caballus papilloma virus-2
Early recognition and Tx improves prognosis
Good when complete excision is possible or lesion is superficial

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18
Q

Melanomas

A

Second most common dermal tumor in EQ 80%
Majority benign at first but 66% can become malignant if untreated
Malignancy more common in NON gray horses

19
Q

Treating neoplasia

A

Benign neglect
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemo therapy
Electro therapy
Photodynamic therapy
Antiviral therapy (sarcoid)
Immunomodulators therapy (sarcoid, melanoma)
Topical Tx

20
Q

Papillomatosis

A

Warts due to EQPV
Common in young 6m-4y
Transmitted by black flies
No treatment - autogenous vaccines ?

21
Q

Aural plaques

A

Lesions on pinnae associated with EQPV3,4,5,6
Flat HK proliferative area on inner surface of pinna
DX based on characteristic appearence
WILL NOT spontaneously regress

22
Q

Tx of aural plaques

A

??
Imiquimod cream - immune response mod
Ivermectin, Cisplatin, eletrochemotherapy

23
Q

Anhidrosis

A

Temp or total loss of ability to sweat, leads to
Exercise intolerance
Prolongation of recovery time
Poor quality of life
Dry flaky alopecia skin

24
Q

Temporary anhidrosis

A

Can occur from overtraining or electrolyte imbalance
Drug associated
- macrolides (erythro worse that azithro or clarithromycin)
- antihistamines

25
Q

Chronic idiopathic anhidrosis

A

Occurs in more than ONE consecutive summer season, will not resolve despite changes in housing, diet, exercise
Genetic?

26
Q

Treating anhidrosis

A

Avoid hyperthermia !! Shade, rest, water
Electrolyte supplementation
Nutritional supplements

27
Q

Antiinfectives

A

Antibacterials
Antifungals
Antivirals
Antiseptics/disinfectants
Ectoparasiticides
Anthelmintics

28
Q

Antibacterials

A

C/S is ideal
Spectrum: gram positives often in skin
Good first choice:
Penicillins
TMS
Doxycycline
7-10 days minimum treatment

29
Q

Challenges with antibacterials

A

Improved gram neg coverage: gentamicin
Highly lipophilic drugs:
Enrofloxacin
Chloramphenicol
Rifampin - good for staph, DO NOT USE ALONE

30
Q

Systemic antifungals

A

Only for difficult lesions
- sodium or potassium iodide
- Amphotericin B
- griseofulvin
- azole drugs

31
Q

Topical antifungals

A

Chlorhexidine
Povidone iodine
Miconazole crams
Lime sulfur dips
Enilconazole dips
Diluted bleach for environment

32
Q

Therapeutics for ectoparasites

A

Ectoparasiticides
- organophosphates
- pyrethrins
- lime sulfur
- avermectins
Anthelmintics
- avermectins
- pyrantel pamoate/tartrate
- fenbendazole

33
Q

Antihistamines

A

Little derm effect
- hydroxyzine hydrochloride
- Chlorpheniramine
- diphenhydramine

34
Q

Hyposensitization

A

Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT)
Varying success, poor DX or prognosis
Discontinue after 6 months if no response

35
Q

GC’s

A

Can alter pathologic processes
Anti inflammatory
Immunosuppressive

36
Q

Use of GC’s for anti inflame

A

Nodular necrobiosis
Pastern dermatitis
Various …

37
Q

Use of GC’s for immunosuppressive Tx

A

Pemphigus foliaceus
Hypersensitivity reactions

38
Q

GC drugs

A

Prednisone
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Triamcinolone
Gentamicin

39
Q

Prednisolone

A

Oral, intralesional, IV, IV topical
More $$
Absorption approved more than prednisoneXX
Delivered as active form

40
Q

Dexamethasone

A

IV, IM, topical
More potent, longer half life
Risk of laminitis***

41
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Intralesional inj, topical
Extremely potent
Lower risk of laminitis

42
Q

GC that can be admin intralesionally

A

Prednisolone
Triamcinolone

43
Q

GC in order of potency
Least —> most

A

PrednisoneXX
Gentocin spray
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Triamcinolone

44
Q

Use of apoquel in horses

A

Inhibition of Janus kinase dep cytokines involved in allergy & inflammation & pruritis
Can be used for Culicoides hypersensitivity

SS - Exam 4 (28 decks)

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