SA Parasites 2

Question 1

Sarcoptes scabiei

Answer 1

Common cause of canine mange - specific dog mite strain
Lesions start on pinnae, lateral hock & elbows
Mites burrow into the skin = hypersensitivity reactions
Pruritus can lead to excoriations, self inflicted trauma & pyoderma

Question 2

DX of sarcoptes scabiei

Answer 2

Deep skin scraping - capillary bleeding
Sometimes biopsy is needed
Can also check feces for presence

Question 3

TX for sarcoptes scabiei

Answer 3

Selamectin, moxidectin/imidacloprid approved for TX
- fipronil, flumethrin aid in control/Tx
- ivermectin is common but not necessary -

Question 4

SA dermatitis

Answer 4

Otodectes cynotis - canine and feline ear mite
Life cycle is 18-28d
Animal may show head shaking, scratching at ear
Heavy infestation mites move out of ears onto adjacent skin

Question 5

pathogen of SA dermatitis

Answer 5

Hyperplasia & hyperkeratosis of ear canal epithelium
Hyperplasia of ceruminous and sebaceous glands w acculturation of dark ceruminous exudate (Coffee grounds)

Question 6

Ears mites DX

Answer 6

Otoscope
Ear swab
Wide variation of reactions

Question 7

Approved TX for ear mites

Answer 7

Cats: selamectin, moxidectin/imidacloprid
Dog: selamectin
Isoxazolines are not approves for ear mites, but reports indicate efficacy

Question 8

Cheyletiella clinical signs

Answer 8

Species infest dogs, cats, rabbits
Life cycle - surface mite, direct contact trans
Exfoliative dermatitis
Can show scurfy dandruff, pruritus
Cats can sometimes get Miliary dermatitis

Question 9

DX of cheyletiella

Answer 9

Big mites - 0.5mm
Large Palpal claws
Hair coats brushing, press scotch tape to hair coat
“Walking dandruff”

Question 10

TX of cheyletiella

Answer 10

Fipronil, moxidectin, selamectin, Milbemycin
Localized environmental control helpful
Transient human lesions in areas of contact

Question 11

Dermatitis due to helminths

Answer 11

RARE
Dirofilaria immitis - microfilaria dermaitits
Can produce allergic disease - even more rare

Question 12

Dermatitis due to Protozoa

Answer 12

Leishmania - flagellate
Intracellular in monocyte-macrophage phagocytic system
Cutaneous & visceral forms - involve skin lesions

Question 13

Route of infection for leishmania

Answer 13

Bites of infected sand fly
Sand flies present but not important to most pest in the US
Possible from skin to skin (blood to blood)
Vertical transmission

Question 14

Clinical signs for leishmania - visceral

Answer 14

Visceral leishmaniosis- generalized
Non pruritic exfoliative dermatitis and alopecia
Other skin lesions
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Chronic wasting
Death is common if untreated

Question 15

clinical signs leishmania - cutaneous

Answer 15

Organisms localized to the lesion
Present with a single lesion - better prognosis

Question 16

Locations for cutaneous leishmania

Answer 16

Endemic in Texas and southeast

Question 17

Locations for visceral leishmania

Answer 17

Same as cutaneous and also southern Europe
Adoption form southern Europe is a concern

Question 18

DX for leishmania

Answer 18

Serology
- IFA
- ELISA
- PCR

Question 19

TX for leishmania

Answer 19

Only suppress infection
Dogs are chronic carriers
Owners need to understand dogs are carriers of zoonotic disease
Vaccine available in Europe