Ticks 2

Question 1

Rhipicephalus sanguines

Answer 1

Brown dog tick
Unique shape* hexongonal basis capituli
Short mouth parts, non ornate

Question 2

Feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Answer 2

Larvae - 3-7d
Nymph - 4-9d
Females - 6-12d
Can have multiple generations in one year in optimal conditions

Question 3

Distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Answer 3

Throughout US - more active in south
Yards/gardens - summer
INDOORS, in kennels - winter
All 3 stages have STRONG preference for dogs

Question 4

Seasonal /year round for Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Answer 4

Seasonal - late spring -fall, lay eggs in cracks in walls inside
Year round - increased activity spring to fall
2-4 generations per year, quest indoors and outdoors
each Female can lay 4000 eggs primarily indoor

Question 5

Importance of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Answer 5

Ehrlichia canis
Anaplasma Platys
Babesia Vogeli, babesia gibsoni
Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
Hepatozoon canis (hepatozoonosis)
Can cause life threatening anemia if populations are unchecked

Question 6

Haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 6

Asian longhorned ticks
Found in Asia, russia, Australia, New Zealand
3 host tick, spring to fall activity
Feed on EVERYTHING - except white footed mouse lol

Question 7

Production of Haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 7

Reproduce parthenogenetically - only adult females found due to not needing males to reproduce

Question 8

Vector potentials of Haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 8

Spread in eastern hemisphere
- borrelia, rickettsia, Anaplasma, viruses
Also spread theileria orientalis in cattle**

Question 9

Theilieria orientalis in cattle

Answer 9

Spread by Haemaphysalis longicornis
Piroplasma- blood born apicomplexan
Clinically presents w anemia, poor conditions

Question 10

Recognize Haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 10

Small - no white markings, not long mount parts,
Not ornate with short mouth parts - can confuse w brown dog tick ** difference is basis captiulum **

Question 11

controlling Haemaphysalis longicornis

Answer 11

Spread easily to new areas - parthenogenesis, broad range of hosts

Question 12

how to remove a tick

Answer 12

Don’t smear w Vaseline
Don’t hold near a match
Don’t use fingers - mouthparts can release pathogenic organisms if left
Clean attachment site

Question 13

Flea and tick products

Answer 13

Which one is best?
Spectrum of activity
Route of admin
Speed of effect
Repellency
Duration of activity
Animal needs

Question 14

Spectrum of activity

Answer 14

Effective products may contain a single compound or combo
Single - Fipronil & isoxazolines
Combo - pyrethroids plus Neonicotinoids

Question 15

Route of admin

Answer 15

Topical - usually animals must come in contact w product OR must be absorbed and may have systemic action against parasites macrocyclic lactones - mites/helminths

Question 16

Oral admin advantages

Answer 16

No worry abt application
Easier for owners
Chemical contact reduced

Question 17

Topical admin advantages

Answer 17

Don’t worry abt it being spit out
Less chemicals in the body - less ADR
No concern for vomit or food allergy
Arthropod dont have to bite to be affected

Question 18

Speed of action

Answer 18

Important factor due to speed of disease transmission from ticks and reaction to flea allergic dermatitis
Chemical compound and mode of action affect action

Question 19

Repellency

Answer 19

Interferes normal feeding behavior
NO products strictly for repellants in D/C
Pyrethroids/pyrethrins are commonly used compounds with repellant activity

Question 20

Duration of activity

Answer 20

Products claim <1m action
Collars - 6-8m - deltamethrin, flumethrin/Imidacloprid
Fluralaner oral - 8-12w
12 against Ixodes, Rhipicephalus, dermacentor
8 against a americanum

Question 21

Things to consider if “it isn’t working”

Answer 21

Parasites could be resistant
- ctenocephalides resistant to organophosphate, carbamates, pyrethroids
External vs internal parasite detection
Strain variation - tolerance vs resistance
Compliance
Heavy exposure

Question 22

Differential experimental conditions to consider when reading studies

Answer 22

Different animals
Different strains of parasites
Variation in parasites biology
Different number of parasites