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CC FINALS MTAP 2 > CC1 - Liver Synthetic Function > Flashcards

CC1 - Liver Synthetic Function Flashcards

1
Q

The chief metabolic organ

A

Liver

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2
Q

The liver is a large organ divided unequally into two lobes by

A

falciform ligament

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3
Q

2 major cell type of liver

A

Hepatocytes (80%)
Kupffer cells

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4
Q

Hepatic macrophage that acts as phagocytes. They also line the sinusoid of the liver.

A

Kupffer cells

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5
Q

They perform the major functions of the liver and also responsible for its regenerative functions

A

Hepatocytes

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6
Q

2 blood suppliers of the liver (1500 mL/min)

A

o Hepatic artery (25%)
o Portal Vein (75%)

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7
Q

Synthetic Function of liver

A

Ability of the liver to synthesized substance.

All proteins are synthesized in the liver except for immunoglobulins. Which are synthesized by the lymphocytes.

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8
Q

Conjugation Function of liver

A

Process in the metabolism of bilirubin

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9
Q

Detoxification and Drug Metabolism of liver

A

Your liver has the ability to protect you from potentially toxic substances absorbed from the
intestine and other toxic metabolic bi-product

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10
Q

Excretory and Secretory function of liver

A

Your liver is involved in the excretion of bile. Bile is involved in the elimination of cholesterol and o t her bi le salts.

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11
Q

Storage Function OF LIVER

A

Your liver serves as your storage for all your fat soluble an d some of the water soluble vitamins and also the storage site for glycogen (ex. of fat soluble Vitamin: A, D, E, K

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12
Q

It tests the validity of the liver to synthesized and quantitates the severity of hepatic dysfunction.

A

LIVER SYNTHETIC FUNCTION TEST

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13
Q

sum of albumin + globulin proteins

A

Total protein

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14
Q

Assessment of nutritional status and presence of severe disease involving the liver, kidney and bone marrow

A

Total protein

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15
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Sample :
Interference :
Reference value (serum):

A

Sample : Serum
Interference : hemolysis, ictericia
Reference value (serum): 6.5 8.3g/dL (CF to g/L:10)

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16
Q

Why is plasma not used in total protein?

A

plasma is not used in total protein because it has fibrinogen , and fibrinogen makes results falsely increased (0.2 0.4 g)

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17
Q

Methods for total protein:

 Classical method for protein quantitation
 This process is time consuming.
 Reference method but not routinely used
 Measures the amount of nitrogen in specimen.
 Assumes that nitrogen content of protein is 16
(15.1 16. 8)
 1g of nitro gen = 6.54g of protein

A

Kjeldahl Method

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18
Q

3 steps in Kjeldahl

A

o Digestion
o Distillation
o Titration

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19
Q

Methods for total protein

Principle: Measures protein based on the number of peptide bonds present.

A

Biuret Method

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20
Q

Methods for total protein

 Most widely used method for total protein determination
 Is a colorimetric non enzymatic method
 Absorbance of color is read at 540 nm.
 End color is: deep purple or violet , non-enzymatic
because this does not utilized enzymes
 Biuret reagent has : Alkaline CuSO4 , NaK tartrate (Rochelle salt prevents precipitation of copper NaOH , KI (stabilizer)
 Interferences in biuret method is lipemic sample

A

Biuret Method

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21
Q

Methods for total protein:

Principle : Oxidation of phenolic compounds such as tyrosine, tryptophan, and histidine to give a deep blue color

A

Folin Ciocalteu (Lowry) method

22
Q

 Has t he highest analytical sensitivity
 It can measure very minute amount or concentration of protein
 Main reagent : Phosphotungstic molybdic acid or phenol reagent
 Color enhancer : Biuret reagent

A

Folin Ciocalteu (Lowry) method

23
Q

 Principle : The absorbance of proteins at 210nm is
due to the absorbance of the peptide bonds at
specific wavelength.
 Absorptions at 280nm: tryptophan, tyrosine, and
phenylalanine

A

UV absorption method

24
Q

Based on measurements of refractive index of
serum total proteins

A

Refractometry

25
Q

Measurement depends on formation of a uniform
fine precipitate which scatters incident light in
suspension (nephelometry) or block light (turbidimetry)

A

Turbidimetry and Nephelometry Methods

26
Q

Used for detection of proteins as little as 1 ug

A

Coomasie Brilliant blue Dye

27
Q

Develops violet color by reacting with primary
a mines widely used for detection of peptides and
amino acids after paper chromatography.

A

Ninhydrin

28
Q

 Principle : migration of charged particles in an
electric field
 Negative electrode : cathode and positive electrode : anode

A

Serum protein electrophoresis

29
Q

Isoelectric property of proteins

A

Amphoteric - either positive or negative depending on pH condition
 No charge at isoelectric point
 The acidic and basic amino acid content of proteins determines its net charge.
 Buffer : barbital (Veron al) pH 8.6

30
Q

Albumin band (1st band)

A

a. Reference value: 3.5 5.0g/ dL ( 5 3 65%)
b. Fastest band, most anodal
c. Nearest to the positive

31
Q

A1 globulin band

A

a. Reference value: 0.1 0.3g dL ( 2. 5 5%)
b. Second fastest and second most anodal
c. Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT)

32
Q

Alpha globulin band

A

a. Reference value: 0.6 1.0 g/dL (7 13%)

33
Q

B globulin band

A

a. Reference value: 0.7 1.1g/d l (8 14%)

34
Q

Y globulin band

A

a. Reference value: 0 .8 1.6 g/dL (12 22%)
b. This includes immunoglobulin

35
Q

Most abundant among proteins
Concentration is directly proportional to the severity of hepatic disease
Low levels could be caused by decreased synthesis

A

Albumin

36
Q

Albumin reference value

A

3.5 5.0 g /dL

37
Q

The liver synthesizes how many grams of albumin per day?

A

9-12 g

38
Q

Methods of Albumin

A

o Salt precipitation
o Dye binding

39
Q

What is precipitated in Albumin salt precipitation?

A

GLobulins

40
Q

Most commonly used dye in albumin dye binding method

A

Bromcresol green (BCG)

41
Q

Most specific dye in albumin dye binding method

A

Bromcresol purple (BCP)

42
Q

Dye not specific for albumin

A

Methyl orange

43
Q

Inverted Albumin/Globulin ratio can be seen in

A

cirrhosis, multiple myeloma , & Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

44
Q

Albumin globulin ratio Reference value:

A

1.3 3.1g/dL (C F to G/L:10)

45
Q

Albumin globulin ratio formula

A

AG ratio = albumin /globulin

46
Q

Globulin value is determined using the formula

A

Globulin = total protein - albumin

47
Q

Vitamin K response Test

A

Prothrombin Time

48
Q

Vitamin K dependent clotting factors:

A

prothrombin group Factor 2, 7,9,10

49
Q

Normal PT after administering Vit K

A

it means it extrahepatic.

50
Q

In Vitamin K response test if prothrombin time is prolonged, this indicates

A

that you have problem in the
hepatic

51
Q

It differentiates intrahepatic disorders from extrahepatic disorder

A

Prothrombin Time

52
Q

Prolonged PT

A

signifies massive cellular damage

CC FINALS MTAP 2 (29 decks)

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