aldehydes and ketones

Question 1

aldehydes are

Answer 1

readily oxided to carboxylic acids

Question 2

reduction of aldehydes and ketones product, reagent, mechanism , nuclephile, condidtion

Answer 2

aldhydes –> primary alchols
ketone –> secondary alchols
reagent: NaBH4 use [H] as
nucleophile: H-
condition: acidic solvent needed
mechansims: nucleophilic addition
C=o highly elelctronegaive inducing temp dipole C &+ and O&-
lone pair on nucleophile (H-) attracted to C&+ and C=O broken
-:O lone pair attracted to H+ from acidic solvent

Question 3

ketone–> alchol overall eqaution

Answer 3

ketone + 2[H] —> secondary alchol

Question 4

aldehyde –> alchol overall eqaution

Answer 4

aldheyde +2[H] – secondary alchol

Question 5

aldehyde/ketone –> hydroxynitriles
reagent, nuclephile, conddition and mechanism

Answer 5

nucleophyllic addition
reagent: KCN then HCl
nucelphle: -:CN
condition: acidic
-: CN attackes C on C=O bondig to it and break C=O to C-O:-
lone pair on O attacts H+ forming OH

Question 6

aldehyde/ketone –> hyrdoxynitile overall eqaution

Answer 6

aldehyde/ ketone + KCN –> hyroxynitrile

Question 7

aldehydes and unsymetrical ketones react with KCN and diliute acid to form and why

Answer 7

mixture of enantiomers as carbon in C-OH has 4 different groups attached to it so chiral center

Question 8

harads of using KCN

Answer 8

poisonous