carboxylic acids and derivatives

Question 1

general formula carboxyliic acids

Answer 1

RCOOH

Question 2

general formula of esters

Answer 2

RCOOR’

Question 3

carboxyllic aicds act as

Answer 3

weak acids, donate a proton

Question 4

carboxylic acids will liberate CO2 from

Answer 4

carbonates

Question 5

esterferication
reagents, conditions and eqaution

Answer 5

carboxyliic acids + alchol <–> ester + H2O
H2SO4 catalyst
conditition : warming

Question 6

products of esters hyrolyed in acid/alkaline conditions

Answer 6

alcohols, carboxylic acids or salts of carboxylic acids

Question 7

common use of esters

Answer 7

perfumes, food flavouring, solvents, platiceriers

Question 8

alcohol used to form vegetable oils and animal fats

Answer 8

propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol)

Question 9

hydrlysis of veg oil and animal fats in alakine conditions products and use

Answer 9

caarboxyllic acid salts and glycerol
the carboxyllic acids formed can be used in soap

Question 10

biodiesl and its formation

Answer 10

biodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters of long chain carboxylic acids
produced by reacting vegetable oils with methanol in the presnece of a catalyst

Question 11

structures of acid anhydrides

Answer 11

RCOOCOR’

Question 12

structure of acyl chlorides

Answer 12

RCOCl

Question 13

naming acyl chlorides

Answer 13

name ending ‘oyl chloride’

Question 14

naming acid anhyrides

Answer 14

R R’ anhydride
but it R=R’ then R anhydride
name the R as (…)anoic

Question 15

acyl chloride or acid anhyride with water functional group formed

Answer 15

carboxyllic acid

Question 16

acyl chloride or acid anhyride with alchol functional group formed

Answer 16

ester

Question 17

acyl chloride or acid anhyride with ammonia functional group formed

Answer 17

amide

Question 18

acyl chloride or acid anhyride with amine functional group formed

Answer 18

N-subsistuted amide

Question 19

outline the mechanism of reaction of acyl chlorides with water, alcohols, ammonia and primary amines

Answer 19

nucleophilic addition- elimination
lone pair on O or N attracted to C on C=O joining to it breaking C=O to C-O
the O/N now has postive charge and C-O has negative charge on lone pair
lone pair on -:O-C goes to C=O with curly arrow
curly arrow from N+/O+ —H bond to O+/N+ removing H
and C-Cl bond broken

Question 20

industrial advantages of ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride in the manufacture of the drug aspirin

Answer 20

cheaper
less corrosive
don’t react with water
safer as the side product is a carboxylic acid where as acyl chloride produce HCl vapors

Question 21

production of asprin reactants

Answer 21

salicylic acid + ethanoic anhydride