Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Alveoli

A

Grape-like cluster of tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles

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2
Q

Breathing

A

A physical process consisting of 2 steps: ventilation (movement of air in and out) and gas exchange (absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide).

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3
Q

Bronchi

A

The two branches of the trachea

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4
Q

Bronchioles

A

subdivision of the bronchi (many tiny tubes)

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

Very small blood vessels. Involved in the exchange of gases and fluids, as well as warming up incoming air and liquid.

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

CO2. One of the gases involved in the gas exchange. Breathed out.

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7
Q

Cartilage rings

A

Trachea is covered in them to prevent collapsing.

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8
Q

cellular respiration

A

metabolic (chemical) process where the body breaks down the oxygen, so the cells in the body can use it.

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9
Q

ciliated cells

A

Upper Respiratory Tract: they trap foreign particles and propel them to the back of the nose/throat so they can be expelled (sneezing/coughing).

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10
Q

concentration gradient

A

the difference in the number of molecules or ions of a substance in a given volume between adjoining areas

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11
Q

Counter-current flow

A

Water only flows over gills in one direction. This allows them to save energy and have the blood always having a lower O2 content than the water. This means that even while the blood is leaving the gills, it’s picking up oxygen from the water through diffusion.

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12
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle layer that separates thoracic cavity (chest) with abdominal cavity (lower).

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

when molecules or atoms move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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14
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap in the throat that prevents food from entering the trachea and lungs.

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15
Q

Esophagus

A

Leads to the digestive system. Shares space with the trachea.

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16
Q

Exhalation

A

Breath out

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17
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

additional amount of air expired from lungs with effort after normal exhalation

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18
Q

Gas exchange

A

Oxygen entering and carbon dioxide leaving cells.

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19
Q

Gills/gill membrane

A

gases are exchanged when water (containing O2) moves across gills and gill membranes. That’s how fish breathe.

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20
Q

Glottis

A

The middle part of the larynx; the area where the vocal cords are located.

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21
Q

Inhalation

A

Breath in. Inhaling air into lungs

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22
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

maximal amount of air that can be brought in with effort with effort after normal inspiration.

23
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Muscles that contract and expand the ribs.

24
Q

Larynx

A

voice box; houses vocal cords

25
Q

Left bronchus

A

leads to left lung

26
Q

left lung

A

2 lobes (to accommodate heart)

27
Q

lobes

A

made of lobules, each with its own bronchiole.

28
Q

lung

A

breathing organ

29
Q

lung capacity

A

the oxygen volume capacity of your lungs

30
Q

metabolic

A

chemical

31
Q

mucus

A

moistens incoming air

32
Q

nasal cavity

A

space inside the nose that contains the nasal passages. Where the air enters.

33
Q

nostrils/nares

A

where the air enters, moving into the nasopharynx

34
Q

oral cavity

A

the mouth.

35
Q

oxygen

A

O2. Respiratory medium for mammals.

36
Q

pharynx

A

connects mouth and nasal cavity to the esophagus

37
Q

pleura

A

tissue surrounding lungs. Flexible and allows lungs to move, as it is connected to the intercostal muscles.

38
Q

Pressure Gradient

A

Difference in pressure (high pressure to low pressure)

39
Q

Residual Volume

A

The amount of air that remains in a person’s lungs after fully exhaling

40
Q

Respiration

A

Process when oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells

41
Q

Respiratory efficiency

A

efficiency of gas exchange. getting rid of CO2 and inhaling O2.

42
Q

respiratory medium

A

Air or water (medium used for breathing)

43
Q

respiratory surface

A

The surface where the gas exchange takes place

44
Q

respiratory system

A

System to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

45
Q

right bronchus

A

leads to the right lung

46
Q

right lung

A

3 lobes.

47
Q

skin respiration

A

Respiratory gases diffuse in and out (ventilation) through contact with capillary vessels.

48
Q

thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity - above the diaphragm.

49
Q

tidal volume

A

the normal volume of air displaced between inhalation and expiration without extra effort. approx. 500mL per inspiration for a healthy young adult.

50
Q

trachea

A

Covered in rings of cartilage to prevent collapsing. Windpipe.

51
Q

turbinate

A

thin bones that hang from the nasal cavity and are covered in a thin membrane that secretes mucus.

52
Q

unidirectional breathing

A

air sacs surround the lungs. During inhalation, the air sacs fill and during exhalation, the lungs are filled and the cycle continues. The lungs are always supplied with new air with no lingering air. Birds, Crocs, and some lizards.

53
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of respiratory systems

54
Q

vital capacity

A

The maximum amount of air someone can expel after a maximum inhalation