Digestive System

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

the nutrients move into the bloodstream

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

the transportation of materials through a cell membrane using energy from the cell

Question 3

Amino Acid

Answer 3

protein in food is broken down into amino acids, which are used by the body for various purposes

Question 4

Amylase

Answer 4

an enzyme that is made by the salivary glands. It breaks down complex carbohydrates

Question 5

Bile

Answer 5

a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 6

Bolus

Answer 6

the name given to the food once it has been chewed

Question 7

Carbohydrate

Answer 7

organic compounds occurring in foods including sugars and starches

Question 8

Chemical digestion

Answer 8

powerful chemicals digest food

Question 9

Chyme

Answer 9

the walls of the stomach churn food, transforming food chunks into chyme (liquid)

Question 10

Circular folds

Answer 10

occur when the intestine folds in on itself inside the abdomen

Question 11

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 11

such as fiber, are starches formed by longer saccharide chains, which mean take longer to break down

Question 12

concentration gradient

Answer 12

the difference in the number of molecules or ions of a substance in a given volume between adjoining areas

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 14

digestion

Answer 14

breaks food down into useful nutrients

Question 15

digestive system

Answer 15

a group of organs that do three things: digestion, absorption, and elimination

Question 16

duodenum

Answer 16

first part of the small intestine

Question 17

elimination

Answer 17

the leftover waste is removed from the body

Question 18

endoscopy

Answer 18

any medical procedure that uses an endoscope to look inside the body

Question 19

enzymes

Answer 19

act to chemically break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids

Question 20

esophagus

Answer 20

muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach.

Question 21

esophageal sphincter

Answer 21

a muscular “door” between the esophagus and the stomach.

Question 22

facilitated diffusion

Answer 22

the diffusion of molecules across a cell membrane via a transport protein

Question 23

fat

Answer 23

broken down by enzymes into fatty acids (nutrient required for cell function)

Question 24

fatty acid

Answer 24

generate energy and create biologically important molecules

Question 25

fiber

Answer 25

a difficult to digest complex carbohydrate that can be broken down into sugar

Question 26

gallbladder

Answer 26

stores bile until needed and released through the bile duct into the small intestine

Question 27

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 27

the name for the entire digestive tract from mouth to anus

Question 28

hydrochloric Acid

Answer 28

HCl is stomach acid

Question 29

Ilium

Answer 29

third part of the small intestine

Question 30

Insulin

Answer 30

a hormone produced in the pancreas which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.

Question 31

Jejunum

Answer 31

second part of the small intestine

Question 32

Liver

Answer 32

produces bile that breaks down fats. Contains powerful enzymes that break down chemicals in our food (food additives, alcohol, etc)

Question 33

Lipase

Answer 33

an enzyme that digests lipids (fats)

Question 34

Mechanical digestion

Answer 34

teeth and muscular contractions in the stomach break down food into smaller particles

Question 35

Microvilli

Answer 35

villi that occur in the membrane of the villi

Question 36

Mucus

Answer 36

a protective secretion produced by the epithelial cells that form the mucous membrane

Question 37

Nutrient

Answer 37

substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of cell function. Include sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and water

Question 38

Osmosis

Answer 38

the movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration (of water molecules)

Question 39

Pancreas

Answer 39

secretes digestive juices into the small intestines and produces insulin

Question 40

Passive transport

Answer 40

types of transport that do not require energy from the cell (simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)

Question 41

Pepsin

Answer 41

enzyme that breaks down protein

Question 42

Peristalsis

Answer 42

the muscular contractions that push food through the system

Question 43

Protein

Answer 43

broken down by enzymes to create essential nutrient amino acids

Question 44

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 44

muscular "door" between the stomach and the small intestine

Question 45

Salivary glands

Answer 45

produce saliva that contains enzyme amylase

Question 46

sugar

Answer 46

a simple carbohydrate

Question 47

teeth

Answer 47

crush food into a bolus

Question 48

tongue

Answer 48

helps to move food back and forth in the mouth

Question 49

transport protein

Answer 49

proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and help or facilitate diffusion

Question 50

villus

Answer 50

tiny, fingerlike projection in the wall of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients.