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Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Lytic Cycle

A
  1. Attachment 2. Entry 3. Replication 4. Assembly 5. Lysis (release)
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2
Q

Protozoa

A

Animal-like protists. Parasitic, feed on other organisms or dead matter. Four groups: Sarcodines, ciliates, flagellates, sporozoans

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3
Q

Methanogens

A

Archaea. Produce methane as waste. Live in anaerobic environments (e.g. sewage disposal).

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4
Q

Halophiles

A

Salt-loving archaea. 15% salt in lieu of 3,5% salt (sea water)

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5
Q

Thermoacidophiles

A

Heat and acid loving archaea. Extremely hot (80+ degrees celsius) and acidic environments (e.g. volcanoes).

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6
Q

Diplo, straphylo, strepto

A

Diplo: two Straphylo: grape-like cluster Strepto: Line/chain like formation.

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7
Q

Cocci, bacilli, spirilla

A

Cocci: circle/ball Bacilli: Rod-shaped Spirilla: Spiral-shaped (always found singly)

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8
Q

Gram-positive

A

Thick protein layer on cell wall. Stains purple

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9
Q

Gram-negative

A

Thin protein layer on cell wall. Stain stays pink

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10
Q

Photosynthetic

A

uses light for their energy source

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11
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

uses inorganic materials for their energy source

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12
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Conjugation; new cells with new genetic combination, unfavourable conditions

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13
Q

Conjugation

A

One bacterium transfers part of its chromosome to another using pili. The second cell will undergo binary fission.

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14
Q

Endospore

A

Dormant phase in which a tough outer covering sounds the cell. It cannot reproduce or grow but can withstand harsh conditions.

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15
Q

Pseudopodia

A

“fake feet” used by sarcodines for moving/hunting

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16
Q

Anaerobic

A

Can live without oxygen

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17
Q

Chitin

A

cell walls of fungi

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18
Q

pili

A

bridge-like structure used during conjugation

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19
Q

Hyphae

A

various sections that make up the mycelium

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20
Q

Mycelium

A

the network of roots and parts of the fungi that are underground

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21
Q

Fruiting body

A

the visible part of the mushroom above ground

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22
Q

Spores

A

Sexual OR asexual reproduction. Thick outer covering of fungi spread by wind.

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23
Q

Budding

A

asexual reproduction. New organism sprouts from the body of the parent organism and detaches.

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24
Q

Radial symmetry

A

animals organized around a vertical axis

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25
Bilateral symmetry
Animals that can be cut into 2 mirroring halves
26
Coelom
internal fluid-filled body cavity
27
Coelomate
Animals possessing a coelom
28
Acoelomate
Animals without a coelom
29
Sessile
Organisms stationary as adults but could have been mobile during juvenile stages
30
Cellulose
cell wall in plants
31
Vascular tissue or system
Movement system
32
Cilia
Hair-like; used for movement by ciliates
33
Flagella
Long and whip-like; used for movement by flagellates
34
Chlorophyll
Absorbs light for photosynthesis; Green pigment in plants (green algae)
35
Gametes
sex cells
36
Bryophytes
Non-vascular plants. Ex: Moss, liverwort, hornwort. Gametes travel through water (no seeds).
37
Non-vascular vs vascular plants
Vascular: Ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms Non-Vascular: Bryophytes
38
Ferns
Seedless vascular plants. Gametes travel through the air to produce embryos.
39
Gymnosperms
Seed-producing vascular plants. Ex: pine trees, cedar, redwood. Produces a "naked seed"
40
Angiosperms
Seed-producing vascular plants. Includes all flowering plants.
41
Asexual reproduction
Binary fission, spores, fragmentation, budding.
42
Fragmentation
Fragments of hyphae create a new organism
43
Classes of fungi
1) Chytrids 2) Zygomycota 3) Ascomycota (Sac) 4) Basidiomycota (Club) 5) Imperfect fungi
44
Chytrids
Water moulds. ex: skin disease and decomposers
45
Zygomycota
Mostly multicellular. Ex: infections and decomposers
46
Ascomycota
Yeast and truffles (sac fungi). Ex: penicillin and skin infections
47
Basidiomycota
Club fungi. Mushrooms and puffballs. Ex: disease and food
48
Imperfect fungi
Parasitic fungi. Ex: athletes foot and decomposers
49
Slime Moulds
Plasmodial (feed like amoebas and look like slugs) and Cellular (spores that can survive harsh conditions and pseudoplasmodium).
50
Water Moulds
Live on dead organic matter (saprotrophs)
51
Ectoderm
outer layer. Produces skin, nerve tissue, and sense organs.
52
Mesoderm
Middle layer. Produces lungs, liver, pancreas, bladder and gut lining.
53
Endoderm
Inner layer. Produces muscles, blood, kidneys, and reproductive organs.
54
Species richness
total number of different species present in a given habitat
55
Derived characteristic
traits shared by the ingroup that the outgroup does not have
56
DNA
genes and genetic sequences. They represent relatedness and act as "blueprints" for cells
57
Taxonomist
person who specializes in studying the relationships among organisms
58
Physiology
The study of the functioning of organisms
59
Host cell
cell taken over by virus
60
Lysis
Breaking open of host cell during lytic cycle
61
Lysogenic cycle
Addition to the lytic cycle. DNA is inserted into host cell's DNA and lies dormant until outside factors permit.
62
Virus
nucleic acid (DNA) in a protein coat (capsid). Infective and non-living
63
Domain Eukarya
Eukaryotes; Has a nucleus; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
64
Domain Archaea
Prokaryotes; no nucleus or organelles
65
Domain Bacteria
Prokaryotes; no nucleus or organelles
66
Eukaryote
Has a nucleus and organelles.
67
Prokaryote
Bacteria and Archaea; nu nucleus or organelles
68
Capsid
Protein coat around virus DNA
69
Phylogenetic tree
evolutionary hypotheses; similar to cladogram
70
Anatomy
Study of the structure of organisms
71
Biodiversity
Variety of life found in a particular ecosystem
72
Ecological diversity
Variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an area
73
Genetic diversity
Variety of genetic material within a species or a population
74
Species diversity
Number and abundance of species present in different habitats
75
Species composition
which species are present (list)
76
Taxonomy
Study of classifying organisms
77
Species evenness
How relatively abundant each of the species are (amount)
78
Latitudinal diversity gradient
phenomenon in which the biodiversity increases near the equator
79
Invasive species
Non-native organisms that negatively affect the new environment
80
Binomial nomenclature
2-word naming system. Genus species (italicized).
81
Carl Linnaeus
Developer of binomial nomenclature
82
Classification
the process by which organisms are grouped together
83
Ingroup
Species or group chosen for study
84
Outgroup
Similar but distantly related group to the ingroup
85
Cladogram
Branching diagram that demonstrates derived traits between the outgroup and ingroup.
86
Dichotomous key
Tool for identifying species in a genus using visual cues.
87
Taxa
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Biology Exam Prep (7 decks)

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