Respiratory System

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

Grape-like cluster of tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles

Question 2

Breathing

Answer 2

A physical process consisting of 2 steps: ventilation (movement of air in and out) and gas exchange (absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide).

Question 3

Bronchi

Answer 3

The two branches of the trachea

Question 4

Bronchioles

Answer 4

subdivision of the bronchi (many tiny tubes)

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

Very small blood vessels. Involved in the exchange of gases and fluids, as well as warming up incoming air and liquid.

Question 6

Carbon dioxide

Answer 6

CO2. One of the gases involved in the gas exchange. Breathed out.

Question 7

Cartilage rings

Answer 7

Trachea is covered in them to prevent collapsing.

Question 8

cellular respiration

Answer 8

metabolic (chemical) process where the body breaks down the oxygen, so the cells in the body can use it.

Question 9

ciliated cells

Answer 9

Upper Respiratory Tract: they trap foreign particles and propel them to the back of the nose/throat so they can be expelled (sneezing/coughing).

Question 10

concentration gradient

Answer 10

the difference in the number of molecules or ions of a substance in a given volume between adjoining areas

Question 11

Counter-current flow

Answer 11

Water only flows over gills in one direction. This allows them to save energy and have the blood always having a lower O2 content than the water. This means that even while the blood is leaving the gills, it’s picking up oxygen from the water through diffusion.

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

Muscle layer that separates thoracic cavity (chest) with abdominal cavity (lower).

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

when molecules or atoms move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

Flap in the throat that prevents food from entering the trachea and lungs.

Question 15

Esophagus

Answer 15

Leads to the digestive system. Shares space with the trachea.

Question 16

Exhalation

Answer 16

Breath out

Question 17

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 17

additional amount of air expired from lungs with effort after normal exhalation

Question 18

Gas exchange

Answer 18

Oxygen entering and carbon dioxide leaving cells.

Question 19

Gills/gill membrane

Answer 19

gases are exchanged when water (containing O2) moves across gills and gill membranes. That’s how fish breathe.

Question 20

Glottis

Answer 20

The middle part of the larynx; the area where the vocal cords are located.

Question 21

Inhalation

Answer 21

Breath in. Inhaling air into lungs

Question 22

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 22

maximal amount of air that can be brought in with effort with effort after normal inspiration.

Question 23

Intercostal muscles

Answer 23

Muscles that contract and expand the ribs.

Question 24

Larynx

Answer 24

voice box; houses vocal cords

Question 25

Left bronchus

Answer 25

leads to left lung

Question 26

left lung

Answer 26

2 lobes (to accommodate heart)

Question 27

lobes

Answer 27

made of lobules, each with its own bronchiole.

Question 28

lung

Answer 28

breathing organ

Question 29

lung capacity

Answer 29

the oxygen volume capacity of your lungs

Question 30

metabolic

Answer 30

chemical

Question 31

mucus

Answer 31

moistens incoming air

Question 32

nasal cavity

Answer 32

space inside the nose that contains the nasal passages. Where the air enters.

Question 33

nostrils/nares

Answer 33

where the air enters, moving into the nasopharynx

Question 34

oral cavity

Answer 34

the mouth.

Question 35

oxygen

Answer 35

O2. Respiratory medium for mammals.

Question 36

pharynx

Answer 36

connects mouth and nasal cavity to the esophagus

Question 37

pleura

Answer 37

tissue surrounding lungs. Flexible and allows lungs to move, as it is connected to the intercostal muscles.

Question 38

Pressure Gradient

Answer 38

Difference in pressure (high pressure to low pressure)

Question 39

Residual Volume

Answer 39

The amount of air that remains in a person’s lungs after fully exhaling

Question 40

Respiration

Answer 40

Process when oxygen is conveyed to tissues and cells

Question 41

Respiratory efficiency

Answer 41

efficiency of gas exchange. getting rid of CO2 and inhaling O2.

Question 42

respiratory medium

Answer 42

Air or water (medium used for breathing)

Question 43

respiratory surface

Answer 43

The surface where the gas exchange takes place

Question 44

respiratory system

Answer 44

System to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 45

right bronchus

Answer 45

leads to the right lung

Question 46

right lung

Answer 46

3 lobes.

Question 47

skin respiration

Answer 47

Respiratory gases diffuse in and out (ventilation) through contact with capillary vessels.

Question 48

thoracic cavity

Answer 48

Chest cavity - above the diaphragm.

Question 49

tidal volume

Answer 49

the normal volume of air displaced between inhalation and expiration without extra effort. approx. 500mL per inspiration for a healthy young adult.

Question 50

trachea

Answer 50

Covered in rings of cartilage to prevent collapsing. Windpipe.

Question 51

turbinate

Answer 51

thin bones that hang from the nasal cavity and are covered in a thin membrane that secretes mucus.

Question 52

unidirectional breathing

Answer 52

air sacs surround the lungs. During inhalation, the air sacs fill and during exhalation, the lungs are filled and the cycle continues. The lungs are always supplied with new air with no lingering air. Birds, Crocs, and some lizards.

Question 53

ventilation

Answer 53

movement of air in and out of respiratory systems

Question 54

vital capacity

Answer 54

The maximum amount of air someone can expel after a maximum inhalation