module 4 - 10.5 types of variation Flashcards
what are the 2 types of variation?
- interspecific variation
- intraspecific vartiantion
what is interspecific variation?
differences between individuals of different species
what is intraspecific variation?
differences between individuals of the same species
what are the 2 causes of variation?
- genetic variation
- environmental variation
what is genetic variation?
differences between individuals genetic material
what is environmental variation?
differences between individuals environment
what are the genetic causes of variation?
- mutations
- alleles
- meiosis
- sexual reproduction
- random fertilisation
- genetic drift
what are mutations?
changes in the base sequence of the genetic material of an organism
what are the 4 classes of mutations?
- spontaneous mutations
- mutations due to error-prone replication of DNA
- errors introduced during DNA repair
- induced mutations caused by mutagens
what are mutagens?
things that produce mutated alleles
what are alleles?
- different versions of a gene
- produced by mutations
what are most of the mutations like in alleles?
- neutral
- no observable change in function of protein or RNA product
what is a gene?
basic unit of heredity & is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA/RNA that encodes synthesis of RNA/polypeptide
what is meiosis?
nuclear division to produce gametes
how does meiosis generate genetic assortment?
- independent assortment
- crossing over