18 - Immunology

Question 1

What is the general idea of a vaccine?

Answer 1

organisms or pieces of them used to induce immunity

Question 2

What are 3 types of vaccines?

Answer 2

1. live attenuated vaccines
2. inactivated killed vaccines
3. subunit vaccines

Question 3

Life attenuated vaccines

Answer 3

weakened pathogens, mimic infection - induces immunity

Question 4

Inactivated killed vaccines

Answer 4

microbes have been killed - require booster/safer

Question 5

Subunit vaccines

Answer 5

use antigenic fragments of microbe

Question 6

Herd immunity

Answer 6

most of the population is immune/ not enough susceptible individuals to support epidemics

Question 7

Are vaccines safe?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is hypersensitivity?

Answer 8

response that is beyond normal (allergy) - individual has been sensitized to antigen

Question 9

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

Answer 9

1. Type 1: anaphylactic
2. Type 2: cytotoxic
3. Type 3: immune complex
4. Type 4: delayed hypersensitivity

Question 10

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 10

Anaphylactic
- < 30 minutes
- systemic/localized
- antigen causes IgE to be produced which binds to basophils and releases histamines

Question 11

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 11

delayed hypersensitivity
- 1+ day
- T cells and macrophages must migrate
- Transplant rejection, poison ivy, TB (chronic disease)
- Sensitized, memory T cells, re-exposed -> activate T cells, cytokines, inflammation

Question 12

What is an autoimmune disease?