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Microbiology > 24 - Respiratory diseases > Flashcards

24 - Respiratory diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common cause of strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (bacteria)

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2
Q

Strep throat transmission

A

transmitted through air, respiratory, mucus

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3
Q

Strep throat symptoms

A
  • local inflammation, fever, tonsilitis
  • enlarged lymph nodes in neck
  • red throat often with white spots
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4
Q

Strep throat treatment

A

pencillin

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5
Q

Diphtheria organism

A

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

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6
Q

Diphtheria symptoms

A
  • sore throat and fever; malaise swelling of neck
  • gray membrane in throat
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7
Q

How is diphtheria transmitted?

A

droplet transmission through respiratory and contact transmission for cutaneous

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8
Q

Treatment for diphtheria

A

vaccine or antibiotic with antitoxin

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9
Q

What is otitis media and what is its treatment?

A

middle ear infection caused by pus pushing pressure on eardrum (antibiotics)

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10
Q

What are the different pathogens that cause otitis media?

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Streptococcus pyogenes
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11
Q

What are the most common two causes of the common cold?

A
  1. rhinoviruses (30-50%)
  2. coronaviruses (10-15%)
  3. 200+ other viruses
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of the common cold?

A
  • sneezing
  • nasal secretion
  • congestion
  • usually no fever
  • UR, ear, sinuses, lungs
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13
Q

How is the common cold transmitted?

A

respiratory route

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14
Q

Treatment of the common cold

A

symptom relief such as cough drops or antihistamines - just let it run itscourse

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15
Q

What causes whooping cough?

A

Bordatella pertussis (bacteria)

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16
Q

What are the 3 stages of whooping cough?

A
  1. catarrhal stage (initial like common cold)
  2. paroxysmal stage (mucus accumulates damaging cilia, violent coughing with whoop sound)
  3. convalescence stage (recovery, can take months)
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17
Q

Treatment of whooping cough

A
  • antibiotics if caught early but they are not as effective after coughing stage
  • vaccine
18
Q

RSV

A

respiratory syncytial virus

19
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (dimorphic fungus) - yeast like in tissue - filamentous in soil

20
Q

Histoplasmosis symptoms

A
  • resembles TB
  • lungs primary but can spread in blood through entire body
  • minor respiratory infection
21
Q

Treatment for histoplasmosis

A

anitfungals

22
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacteria)

23
Q

What stimulates inflammatory response in TB?

A

mycolic acid

24
Q

How is TB spread?

A

coughing (tissues are damaged causing sputum to be bloody)

25
Q

Tuberculosis treatment

A

antibiotics for >6 months and may need multi-drug therapy due to resistance

26
Q

Pneumonia organisms (4)

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  4. Legionella pneumophila
27
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

28
Q

What pneumonia has no cell wall and doesn’t grow in cultures and what pneumonia does it cause?

A

Mycoplasmal pneumoniae - “walking pneumonia”

29
Q

Which pneumonia is found in water and produces a high fever?

A

Legionella pneumophila

30
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

infected alveoli of lung fill with fluids; interferes with oxygen uptake

31
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia organism

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (fungus or protozoan)

32
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia symptoms and treatment

A
  • forms cysts in lungs
  • treated by antibiotics
33
Q

What are the symptoms of the flu?

A

chills, fever, headache, aches

34
Q

What causes the flu and what family is it from?

A

influenzavirus - orthomyxoviridae

35
Q

What aids the virus in separating from host upon release in the flu?

A

neuraminidase (100/virus)

36
Q

What attaches to host with RBC; antibodies form against it in the flue?

A

hemagglutinin (500/virus)

37
Q

How are strains of the flu identified?

A

NA (neuraminidase) and HA (hemagglutinin) antigens i.e. H1N1

38
Q

Antigenic drift:

A

accumulations of mutation (no proofreading)

39
Q

Antigenic shift

A

great changes, evade immunity developed in population (recombo or reassortment)

40
Q

What are pigs?

A

“mixing vessels”

Microbiology (23 decks)

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