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genetic lecture > Module 3 Test > Flashcards

Module 3 Test Flashcards

1
Q

The DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides COVALENTLY LINKED by 3’ - 5’

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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2
Q

The complementary nucleotides BASE PAIRS of the double stranded DNA are held together by

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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3
Q

In the DNA, each nucleotide consists of (3)

A

Nitogenous base

Deoxyribose sugar

Phosphate

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4
Q

He proposed the rules regarding the composition of bases in the DNA

A

Erwin Chargaff

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5
Q

The two complementary strands run in ___ manner

A

Anti-parallel

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6
Q

T or F All bacteria have circular chromosomes

A

FALSE

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7
Q

What is TRUE about plasmids?

A

They offer advantages to their host cells in specific environments

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8
Q

Which of the following enzymes are used to create POSITIVE SUPERCOILS in THERMOPHILES

A

Reverse gyrase

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9
Q

Which model of DNA replication produces a strand that is made up of ORIGINAL and NEW DNA

A

Semi-conservative Model

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10
Q

DNA are synthesized in the ____ direction

A

5’ to 3’

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11
Q

It is the enzyme that RELIEVES TENSION at the REPLICATION FORK

A

DNA Topoisomerase and Gyrase

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12
Q

It is involved in the UNWINDING of the DNA double helix by BREAKING the H bonds

A

Helicase

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13
Q

It is responsible in keeping the DNA strands SEPARATE and AVOID REWINDING during replication

A

SSB Proteins

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14
Q

It is the enzyme that CATALYZES the SYNTHESIS of NEW STRANDS during REPLICATION

A

DNA polymerase

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15
Q

It is the enzyme that JOINS the adjacent OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS together

A

Ligase

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16
Q

It is the form of DNA that has been OBSERVED in conditions of REDUCED WATER CONTENT

A

A-DNA

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17
Q

It is a LEFT-HANDED FORM of DNA and has been mostly found in (CG) n Sequences

A

Z-DNA

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18
Q

What does “H” in H-DNA stands for?

A

Hoogsteen

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19
Q

Which of the following enzymes HAVE EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITIES in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

A

DNA polymerase I

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20
Q

Which of the following enzymes DO NOT HAVE EXONUCLEASE ACTIVITIES in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

A

DNA polymerase (beta)

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21
Q

A repair system that FIXES DAMAGE arising from bulky lesions such as THYMINE DIMERS?

A

Short-patch excision repair

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22
Q

DEAMINATION of cytosine that CAUSES ERROR in the Base pairing can be fixed by ___

A

Base excision repair

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23
Q

It is an EXCISION repair needed to FIX DAMAGE caused by PYRIMIDINE DIMERS

A

Nucleotide excision repair

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24
Q

The following statements are reasons why DNA is PREFERRED as the genetic material, EXCEPT:

A

It has deoxyribose sugar

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25
Q

Which of the following strands are TRANSCRIBED into mRNA?

A

antisense

26
Q

INITIATION of DNA replication involved the following enzymes EXCEPT:

A

DNA polymerase

27
Q

ELONGATION and TERMINATION of DNA replication involved the following enzymes EXCEPT:

A

DNA topoisomerase

28
Q

It is the type of RNA polymerase that CATALYZES the SYNTHESIS or rRNA molecules

A

III

29
Q

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are synthesized by RNA polymerase

A

II

30
Q

Production of MATURE mRNA involved the removal of ___

A

Introns

31
Q

Modifications of pre-mRNA such as ADDITION of Nucleotides on each terminal are necessary why? ____

A

to protect the mRNA from being degraded by enzymes

32
Q

What does “t” in tRNA stands for?

A

transfer

33
Q

Which of the following RNA has 3 loops in which the middle loop carries an ANTICODON at ITS TIP?

A

tRNA

34
Q

This is the SITE which is OCCUPIED by the incoming tRNA during translation elongation

A

A-site

35
Q

Which nucleobase is NOT found in the START or STOP codon?

A

T

36
Q

Which of the following is NOT a biological process?

A

Reverse translation

37
Q

All of the following processes are SPECIAL MODES of INFORMATION transfer EXCEPT:

A

RNA > protein

38
Q

Refers to a CLUSTER of GENES with RELATED functions

A

Operon

39
Q

A specific sequence in DNA wherein RNA polymerase BINDS and TRANSCRIPTION begins

A

Promoter

40
Q

It OBSTRUCTS the RNA polymerase from TRANSCRIBING the genes

A

Repressor

41
Q

A gene whose presence PREVENTS the EXPRESSION of some OTHER GENE at a different locus

A

Inhibitor

42
Q

If the template strand of a gene contains the sequence 3’ - TACAGTAGT - 5’ the resulting mRNA sequence is:

A

5’ AUGUCAUCA - 3’

43
Q

Describe the EFFECT of the presence of LACTOSE towards the LAC OPERON

A

Repressor will be inactivated

44
Q

Which of the following is a regulatory gene?

A

lacl

45
Q

Which of the following post-translational modifications DOES NOT involve ADDITION of chemical groups?

A

Lipidation

46
Q

A POST-TRANSLATIONAL modification that plays a role in CELL-CELL ADHESION

A

Glycosylation

47
Q

A POST-TRANSLATIONAL modification that is described as the “kiss of death”

A

Ubiquination

48
Q

An EPIGENETIC DISEASE characterized by a DECREASE in DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY

A

Lupus erythematosus

49
Q

Which of the following EPIGENETIC DISEASE is a consequence of D4Z4 region HYPOMETHYLATION

A

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

50
Q

It is known as WARKANY syndrome

A

Trisomy 8 Mosaicism Syndrome

51
Q

A type of Trisomy 18 which consist approximately 95% of the cases

A

full trisomy 18

52
Q

The base SUBSTITUTION that changes the code resulting to a formation of STOP CODON instead of amino acid

A

nonsense mutation

53
Q

Which of the following BASE SUBSTITUTION is NOT an example of TRANSVERSION?

A

T to C

54
Q

Which of the following base substitution is an example of transition?

A

G to A

55
Q

Mutation on anti-oncogene p53 (that may result into CANCER) is an example of ___

A

LOF mutation

56
Q

INBORN ERRORS of METABOLISM is an example of ___

A

Biochemical mutation

57
Q

The karyotype 47, XXY is known as ___

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

58
Q

It is a result when only ONE NORMAL X Chromosome is present and the OTHER SEX CHROMOSOME is MISSING or altered

A

Turner Syndrome

59
Q

Which of the following diseases is an example of PEROXISOMAL DISORDER?

A

Zellweger Syndrome

60
Q

It is a disorder of metal metabolism

A

MENKES syndrome

genetic lecture (30 decks)

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