Module 3 Summary Gene Functions

Question 1

An enzyme that CATALYZES certain chemical reactions in a METABOLIC PATHWAY

Explains the relationship between PHENO-TYPE and GENOTYPE

Answer 1

Gene-Enzyme Relationship

Question 2

Each gene is responsible for DIRECTING the BUILDING of a single specific enzyme

Answer 2

One gene - One enzyme hypothesis

Question 3

Protein Structure:
LINEAR but in LONGER chain of AMINO ACID, it’s impossible

Answer 3

Primary

Question 4

Protein Structure:
STABILIZED by HYDROGEN BOND from the polypeptide backbone

These hydrogen bonds CREATE ALPHA-HELIX and BETA PLEATED sheets

Answer 4

Secondary

Question 5

Protein Structure:
STABILIZED by HYDROGEN BOND from the polypeptide backbone

These hydrogen bonds CREATE ALPHA-HELIX and BETA PLEATED sheets

Answer 5

Secondary

Question 6

Protein Structure:
Ensembles of formations and folds in a SINGLE-LINEAR chain of amino acids (sometimes called POLYPEPTIDE)

Answer 6

Tertiary

Question 7

Protein Structure:
SUBUNITS of complex proteins associate together to form CLOSELY PACKED ARRANGEMENT

Answer 7

Quarternary

Question 8

Arrange in the same linear order

Proven by protein being SYNTHESIZED BASED ON INSTRUCTIONS from DNA

Answer 8

Collinearity of DNA & proteins

Question 9

Genetic code is the NUCLEOTIDE BASE SEQUENCE in DNA which will be translated into sequence of AMINO ACIDS of a protein, 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 9

Genetic Code and its Universality

Question 10

Genetic Code and its Universality (6)

Answer 10

a) it is a TRIPLET code

b) it is NONOVERLAPPING

c) it is DEGENERATE or REDUNDANT

d) it is almost UNIVERSAL

e) there are START and STOP codons that serve as start and stop signals

f) there is a WOBBLE in the ANTI-CODON