Eukaryotic + Prokaryotic Kingdoms Flashcards

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1
Q

what the five kingdoms?

A
  • plants
  • animals
  • fungi
  • protoctista
  • bacteria
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2
Q

what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

A
  • plants
  • animals
  • fungi
  • protoctista
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3
Q

what are eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a proper nucleus - a membrane sphere containing linear chromosomes of DNA

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4
Q

plant features?

A
  • all multicellular (made of many specialised cells)
  • make their own complex biological molecules by photosynthesis
  • cells have: chloroplasts for photosynthesis, cellulose cell wall
  • they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
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5
Q

animal features?

A
  • all multicellular (made of many specialised cells)
  • eat other living things to obtain nutrients (biological molecules)
  • cells do no have chloroplasts or a cell wall
  • store carbohydrates as glycogen
  • have a nervous system for coordination and movement
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6
Q

fungi features?

A
  • many multicellular (consist of threads of cells called hyphae - whole structure is called a mycelium)
  • some have a reproductive system - mushroom or toadstool
  • feed by saprotrophic nutrition
  • cells have: no chloroplasts, chitin cell wall, many nuclei per (large) cell
  • store carbohydrates as glycogen
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7
Q

what is a prokaryote?

A

bacteria

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8
Q

what are bacteria?

A

bacteria are small, single-celled organisms, that do not have proper nucleus, instead the genetic materials in the cytoplasm in the form of a single circular chromosome

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9
Q

what are some examples of bacteria?

A
  • lactobacillus
  • pneumococcus
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10
Q

features of all bacterial cells?

A
  • cell membrane
  • cell wall made of peptidoglycan (a complex molecule of sugars and proteins)
  • cytoplasm, containing the circular chromosome
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11
Q

what are some other bacterial features (not all bacteria have)?

A
  • a slime capsule outside the cell wall to provide more protection
  • plasmids, small circles of DNA containing extra genes
  • a flagellum (tail)
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12
Q

what are pathogens?

A

microorganisms which cause infectious disease

  • they harm the host by releasing toxins or damaging cells
  • all viruses are pathogens
  • bacteria, fungi and protoctista can also be pathogens
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