Eukaryotic + Prokaryotic Kingdoms Flashcards
1
Q
what the five kingdoms?
A
- plants
- animals
- fungi
- protoctista
- bacteria
2
Q
what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?
A
- plants
- animals
- fungi
- protoctista
3
Q
what are eukaryotes?
A
eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a proper nucleus - a membrane sphere containing linear chromosomes of DNA
4
Q
plant features?
A
- all multicellular (made of many specialised cells)
- make their own complex biological molecules by photosynthesis
- cells have: chloroplasts for photosynthesis, cellulose cell wall
- they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
5
Q
animal features?
A
- all multicellular (made of many specialised cells)
- eat other living things to obtain nutrients (biological molecules)
- cells do no have chloroplasts or a cell wall
- store carbohydrates as glycogen
- have a nervous system for coordination and movement
6
Q
fungi features?
A
- many multicellular (consist of threads of cells called hyphae - whole structure is called a mycelium)
- some have a reproductive system - mushroom or toadstool
- feed by saprotrophic nutrition
- cells have: no chloroplasts, chitin cell wall, many nuclei per (large) cell
- store carbohydrates as glycogen
7
Q
what is a prokaryote?
A
bacteria
8
Q
what are bacteria?
A
bacteria are small, single-celled organisms, that do not have proper nucleus, instead the genetic materials in the cytoplasm in the form of a single circular chromosome
9
Q
what are some examples of bacteria?
A
- lactobacillus
- pneumococcus
10
Q
features of all bacterial cells?
A
- cell membrane
- cell wall made of peptidoglycan (a complex molecule of sugars and proteins)
- cytoplasm, containing the circular chromosome
11
Q
what are some other bacterial features (not all bacteria have)?
A
- a slime capsule outside the cell wall to provide more protection
- plasmids, small circles of DNA containing extra genes
- a flagellum (tail)
12
Q
what are pathogens?
A
microorganisms which cause infectious disease
- they harm the host by releasing toxins or damaging cells
- all viruses are pathogens
- bacteria, fungi and protoctista can also be pathogens
