Sexual Reproduction vs Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
what is reproduction?
the ability of living organisms to produce offspring
what are the two types of reproduction?
- sexual reproduction
- asexual reproduction
what are the features of sexual reproduction?
- produces genetically varied offspring
- uses specialized sex cells called gametes
what three steps need to occur in sexual reproduction?
step 1 - pollination
step 2 - fertilization
step 3 - germination
why is sexual reproduction an advantage?
its an advantage because in a changing environment it adapts offspring when there is a threat of disease from pathogens
what are the sexual organs of a flowering plant?
the flowers - they are the site of pollination and fertilisation
what are features of asexual production?
- produces genetically identical offspring
- gametes are not needed
- only one parent involved
- offspring are called clones
why is asexual reproduction an advantage in a stable environment?
it allows parent plants with advantageous adaptations to produce offspring with the same beneficial characteristics
what are the three natural methods of asexual reproduction in plants?
- runners
- tubers
- bulbs
what is the runner method of asexual reproduction?
a new plant is produced where the runner touches the ground
what is the tubers method of asexual reproduction?
swollen underground stems containing lots of stored food - one plant can produce many tubers which can each grow many shoots which form new plants
what is the bulbs method of asexual reproduction?
underground buds with thick fleshy leaves containing stored food - a main shoot will grow out of the parent bulb and another will grow out of the side ‘daughter’ bulb, forming two plants
what is an artificial method to grow plants?
to use cuttings:
- a piece of a plant’s stem, with a few leaves attached, is cut from a healthy plant
- this is planted in damp compost, where it will grow roots and develop into a new plant
