Eukaryotic + Prokaryotic Kingdoms

Question 1

what the five kingdoms?

Answer 1

• plants
• animals
• fungi
• protoctista
• bacteria

Question 2

what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

Answer 2

• plants
• animals
• fungi
• protoctista

Question 3

what are eukaryotes?

Answer 3

eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a proper nucleus - a membrane sphere containing linear chromosomes of DNA

Question 4

plant features?

Answer 4

• all multicellular (made of many specialised cells)
• make their own complex biological molecules by photosynthesis
• cells have: chloroplasts for photosynthesis, cellulose cell wall
• they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose

Question 5

animal features?

Answer 5

• all multicellular (made of many specialised cells)
• eat other living things to obtain nutrients (biological molecules)
• cells do no have chloroplasts or a cell wall
• store carbohydrates as glycogen
• have a nervous system for coordination and movement

Question 6

fungi features?

Answer 6

• many multicellular (consist of threads of cells called hyphae - whole structure is called a mycelium) which contain many nuclei
• some have a reproductive system - mushroom or toadstool
• feed by saprotrophic nutrition
• cells have: no chloroplasts, chitin cell wall, many nuclei per (large) cell
• store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 7

what is a prokaryote?

Answer 7

bacteria

Question 8

what are bacteria?

Answer 8

bacteria are small, single-celled organisms, that do not have proper nucleus, instead the genetic materials in the cytoplasm in the form of a single circular chromosome

Question 9

what are some examples of bacteria?

Answer 9

• lactobacillus
• pneumococcus

Question 10

features of all bacterial cells?

Answer 10

• cell membrane
• cell wall made of peptidoglycan (a complex molecule of sugars and proteins)
• cytoplasm, containing the circular chromosome

Question 11

what are some other bacterial features (not all bacteria have)?

Answer 11

• a slime capsule outside the cell wall to provide more protection
• plasmids, small circles of DNA containing extra genes
• a flagellum (tail)

Question 12

what are pathogens?

Answer 12

microorganisms which cause infectious disease

• they harm the host by releasing toxins or damaging cells
• all viruses are pathogens
• bacteria, fungi and protoctista can also be pathogens

Question 13

what protoctista causes malaria?

Answer 13

plasmodium

Question 14

what is an example of a virus?

Answer 14

AIDS caused by the HIV virus

Question 15

what is an example of a bacterial disease?

Answer 15

pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus

Question 16

what is an example of a fungal disease?

Answer 16

athlete’s foot

Question 17

examples of plants

Answer 17

• flowering plants such as a cereal e.g. maize
• herbaceous legume e.g. peas, beans

Question 18

examples of a fungi

Answer 18

• Mucor
• yeast

Question 19

examples of protoctists

Answer 19

• Amoeba (live in pond water and animal-like features)
• Chlorella (have chloroplasts and plant-like features)
• Plasmodium (pathogen which causes malaria)

Question 20

protoctista features?

Answer 20

these are microscopic single-celled organisms

Question 21

what does tobacco mosaic virus do?

Answer 21

it is a virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts

Question 22

what are characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 22

• movement
• respiration
• sensitivity
• growth
• reproduction
• excretion
• nutrition