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DMS 400 OB/GYN > Class 4: CG UT Anomalies > Flashcards

Class 4: CG UT Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

what is another name for the mullerian ducts?

A

paramesonephric ducts

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2
Q

what do the mullerian ducts form into?

A

uterus, fallopian tubes, upper vagina

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3
Q

what is the best modality to image CG UT anomalies?

A

MRI

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4
Q

what type of U/S is best for imaging CG UT anomalies?

A

3-D
TV COR
TA TRV

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5
Q

what are the 3 causes for CG UT anomalies?

A
  1. failure of formation
  2. failure of fusion
  3. failure of median septum to dissolve
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6
Q

when do S&S start for CG UT anomalies?

A

usually around puberty – pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, delayed menstruation

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7
Q

what are the two types of CG UT anomalies with failure of formation?

A
  1. complete agenesis
  2. partial agenesis
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8
Q

what forms from a partial agenesis of the mullerian ducts?

A

unicornuate UT

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9
Q

what is a rudimentary horn?

A

when the other mullerian duct partially develops – needs to be surgically removed

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10
Q

what complications can arise from a rudimentary horn?

A
  1. noncommunicating: during menses, the superficial layer from the endo of the rudimentary horn will shed into the peritoneal cavity –> PID, endometriosis
  2. communicating: ectopic pregnancy if zygote implants into the rudimentary horn endometrium
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11
Q

3 types of failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts?

A
  1. complete failure = didelphys UT
  2. partial failure/bicornuate UT –> bicervical UT
  3. partial failure/bicornuate UT –> unicervical UT
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12
Q

what is a didelphys UT?

A

a duplicated system with 2 UT, 2 cx, & 2 vaginas

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13
Q

what is a bicervical UT?

A

ducts fuse at the vagina, leading to 2 UT, 2 cx, & 1 vagina

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14
Q

what is a unicervical UT?

A

ducts fuse at the cervix, leading to 2 UT, 1 cx, & 1 vagina

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15
Q

3 types of failure of median septum to dissolve?

A
  1. septate
  2. subseptate
  3. arcuate
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16
Q

what happens with a septate UT?

A

median septum fails to dissolve completely
duplicate endometrial cavity

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17
Q

what is the most common congenital anomaly of the UT?

A

septate UT

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18
Q

what is a subseptate UT?

A

partial failure of septum to dissolve, leading to partial duplication of the endometrial cavity

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19
Q

what is the least severe congenital uterine anomaly?

A

arcuate UT

20
Q

what is an arcuate UT?

A

UT with an indentation at the fundal endometrium

21
Q

what is a cornual ectopic pregnancy?

A

any pregnancy with a CG anomaly

22
Q

how common are fallopian tube anomalies?

A

rare

23
Q

what are the 3 types of FT anomalies?

A
  1. absence of FT
  2. doubling on 1 side
  3. atresia of a portion of the FT
24
Q

what are the 3 types of ovarian anomalies?

A
  1. absence
  2. supernumerary ovaries
  3. accessory ovarian tissue
25
Q

where can accessory ovarian tissue be found?

A

at the cornua or near the ovaries

26
Q

where can paraovarian cysts be found?

A

in the broad ligament

27
Q

where do paraovarian cysts arise from?

A

rosenmuller’s organ

28
Q

what is the pedunculated type of paraovarian cyst?

A

hydatid cyst of margagni

29
Q

what are some S&S of vaginal anomalies?

A
  • pelvic pain
  • dysmenorrhea
  • dyspareunia
  • delayed onset of menses
30
Q

what are some causes of the S&S of vaginal anomalies?

A
  • obstruction at UT, cx, or vag
  • imperforate hymen
31
Q

what is hematocolpos?

A

retention of blood in the vagina

32
Q

what is hematometra?

A

retention of blood in the uterus

33
Q

what is hematometrocolpos?

A

retention of blood in UT & vag

34
Q

what is hydrometra?

A

fluid accumulation in the UT

35
Q

hydrometra is seen more commonly with pediatric and postmenopausal patients. T/F?

A

true

36
Q

what is pyometra?

A

pus accumulation in the UT

37
Q

what is vaginal agenesis?

A

absence of vagina

38
Q

what is vaginal atresia

A

lack of vaginal development

39
Q

what can an imperforate hymen lead to?

A

hematocolpos
hematometra
hematometrocolpos

40
Q

what type of amenorrhea is associated with an imperforate hymen?

A

primary amenorrhea

41
Q

what is a gartner’s duct cyst?

A

a cyst in the anterolateral portion of the vagina

42
Q

what is a gartner’s duct cyst a remnant of?

A

wolffian duct system

43
Q

US app of gartner’s duct cyst?

A

simple cyst at level of vagina

44
Q

what is DES?

A

a drug given to pregnant patients who were at risk for miscarriage; given in the 1940s-1970s

45
Q

what were some consequences of DES?

A
  • reproductive tract anomalies in the fetus
  • hooded cx
  • T shaped UT
  • UT wall defects
  • adhesions

DMS 400 OB/GYN (21 decks)

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