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DMS 400 OB/GYN > Class 6: GTD > Flashcards

Class 6: GTD Flashcards

1
Q

what is GTD caused by?

A

GTD is caused by abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic disease due to abnormal karyotype

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2
Q

what is another name for trophoblastic tissue?

A

placental tissue

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3
Q

2 functions of trophoblasts?

A
  1. produce HCG
  2. make chorionic villi
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4
Q

3 types of GTD

A
  1. hydatidiform mole
  2. invasive mole
  3. choriocarcinoma
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5
Q

which form of GTD is benign?

A

hydatidiform mole

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6
Q

which form(s) of GTD are malignant

A

invasive mole & choriocarcinoma

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7
Q

another name for invasive mole?

A

chorioadenoma destruens

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8
Q

what type of trophoblastic disease is nongestational?

A

testicular & ovarian choriocarcinoma

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9
Q

hydatidiform mole & choriocarcinoma are more commonly in which parts of the world?

A

far east asia & africa

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10
Q

what ages are more at risk for GTD?

A

<20 yo & >40yo

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11
Q

what blood types are more at risk for GTD?

A

type A & AB

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12
Q

besides age & blood type, what other factors increase the risk for GTD?

A
  1. socioeconomic
  2. previous molar pregnancy
  3. multiple sexual partners
  4. BC pills
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13
Q

2 types of benign hydatidiform mole?

A
  1. complete molar pregnancy
  2. partial/incomplete molar pregnancy
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14
Q

what is the most common type of GTD?

A

complete hydatidiform mole

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15
Q

2 types of complete molar pregnancy?

A
  1. fertilization of 1 defective ovum by 1 sperm that duplicates
  2. fertilization of 1 defective ovum by 2 sperm
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16
Q

2 types of incomplete molar pregnancy?

A
  1. fertilization of 1 normal ovum by 2 sperm
  2. fertilization of 1 normal ovum by 1 sperm with diploid set
17
Q

how many chromosomes are in a complete hydatidiform mole?

A

46 chromosomes

18
Q

how many chromosomes are in an incomplete hydatidiform?

A

69 chromosoomes

19
Q

which type of hydatidiform molar pregnancy has no fetal parts?

A

complete

20
Q

which type of hydatidiform molar pregnancy has high malignant potential?

A

complete

21
Q

which type of hydatidiform molar pregnancy has high malignant potential?

A

complete

22
Q

___ cysts are found in 20-35% of patients with molar pregnancy

A

theca lutein

23
Q

lab value related to theca lutein cysts?

A

high HCG

24
Q

how long can theca lutein cysts stay in the uterus after evacuation of molar pregnancy?

A

2-4 months

25
Q

MC S&S of GTD

A

irregular vaginal bleeding during pregnancy; possible discharge of mole

26
Q

size of the uterus in GTD?

A

large for date

27
Q

hyperemesis & preeclampsia are common symptoms of GTD. T/F?

A

true

28
Q

HCG levels are ___ times higher with GTD than with a normal pregnancy

A

3x

29
Q

how long does HCG continue to rise with GTD?

A

100 days from LMP

30
Q

the 2nd trimester US appearance of GTD is nonspecific. T/F?

A

false – 1st trimester is nonspecific findings

31
Q

what type of pattern can molar pregnancy take on in the 2nd tri?

A

snow flake/lacey pattern

32
Q

molar pregnancy in 2nd trimester can look like a ___ mass with ___ areas that represent the chorionic villi

A

soft tissue mass with anechoic areas

33
Q

invasive mole is a malignant metastatic type of GTD. T/F?

A

false – nonmetastatic

34
Q

when is invasive mole suspected?

A

when HCG levels remain high even when molar pregnancy is evacuated

35
Q

choriocarcinoma is an aggressive form of GTD. T/F?

A

true

36
Q

what percentage of benign molar pregnancies turn into choriocarcinoma?

A

2-5%

37
Q

what percentage of benign molar pregnancies turn into invasive mole?

A

15-18%

38
Q

where can choriocarcinoma mets to? (6)

A

lungs, brain, pelvis, lower GI, liver, urinary tract

39
Q

4 treatments to molar pregnancy

A
  1. D&C
  2. BC pills for 1 year after evacuation
  3. HCG tests
  4. other (depends on stage)

DMS 400 OB/GYN (21 decks)

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