Class 9: PID & Endometriosis

Question 1

what is endometriosis?

Answer 1

endometrial tissue located in abnormal locations outside the uterine cavity

Question 2

endometriosis etiology

Answer 2

retrograde menstruation, vascular or lymphatic spread, or surgical complications

Question 3

what age is it more common to have endometriosis?

Answer 3

reproductive years

Question 4

darker skinned women more commonly have endometriosis. T/F?

Answer 4

false - light skinned women are more likely to have endometriosis

Question 5

women who are ___ in their 30s are more likely to have endometriosis

Answer 5

nulliparous

Question 6

endometriosis is not hereditary. T/F?

Answer 6

false

Question 7

how can endometriosis cause infertility?

Answer 7

endometriosis can cause adhesions to form between FT & ovaries, leading to infertility

Question 8

the following are S&S of what condition?
maybe asymptomatic, severe pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, involuntary infertility, pelvic heaviness, dysuria

Answer 8

endometriosis

Question 9

2 types of endometriosis?

Answer 9

diffuse or focal

Question 10

most common location of endometriosis

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

US appearance of endometrioma

Answer 11

chocolate cyst; echogenicity depends on age of blood; CD = pericystic flow

Question 12

it is easy to detect endometriosis on US. T/F?

Answer 12

false

Question 13

7 treatment options for endometriosis

Answer 13

1. natural menopause
2. danazol
3. oral contraceptives
4. surgery
5. hysterectomy & oophorectomy
6. drug therapy with laser therapy
7. pregnancy

Question 14

how does danazol help relieve endometriosis S&S?

Answer 14

similar to testosterone, it prevents ovulation by suppressing FSH & LH, which decreases amount of hormones made by ovaries

Question 15

what is pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 15

infection of the upper genital tract

Question 16

what is the main cause of PID?

Answer 16

bacterial infection due to STD

Question 17

3 risks for PID?

Answer 17

1. ectopic pregnancy
2. tubo-ovarian abscess
3. infertility

Question 18

what population is most at risk for PID?

Answer 18

sexually active young women

Question 19

the following are S&S of which complication?
lower abdominal pain
pelvic pain
pelvic tenderness
dull pain that increases with movement/sex
vaginal discharge
abnormal vaginal bleeding
fever
high WBC count

Answer 19

PID

Question 20

what is Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome?

Answer 20

severe PID that progresses to peritonitis or abscess

Question 21

the following are S&S of what condition?
RUQ pain & tenderness
right sided pleuritic pain

Answer 21

fitz hugh curtis syndrome

Question 22

how does PID infection spread?

Answer 22

upward & outward

Question 23

stage 1 of PID?

Answer 23

early PID or endometritis

Question 24

stage 2 of PID?

Answer 24

salpingitis

Question 25

stage 3 of PID?

Answer 25

severe PID/TOA

Question 26

what is pyosalpinx?

Answer 26

FT filled with pus

Question 27

TRV appearance of pyosalpinx?

Answer 27

string of beads; cogwheel

Question 28

SAG appearance of pyosalpinx?

Answer 28

waist-sign; sausage

Question 29

what is hydrosalpinx?

Answer 29

pyosalpinx resolves & FT fills with serous fluid

Question 30

hydrosalpinx has the same US appearance as ___ but ___ replaces pus

Answer 30

pyosalpinx; fluid

Question 31

what is a tubo-ovarian abscess?

Answer 31

when pus leaks from the end of the fallopian tube, leading to inflammation

Question 32

what is loculated ascites?

Answer 32

ascites that’s not anechoic

Question 33

which conditions can you see loculated ascites?

Answer 33

1. TOA
2. PID
3. malignancy
4. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma