Components of a Balanced Diet Flashcards

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1
Q

carbohydrate food sources?

A
  • bread
  • potatoes
  • rice
  • cereal
  • fruit
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2
Q

carbohydrates function?

A
  • fuel for respiration
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3
Q

protein food sources?

A
  • meat
  • eggs
  • fish
  • quinoa
  • quorn
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4
Q

protein function?

A
  • growth and repair of cells and tissues
  • fuel for respiration
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5
Q

lipid food sources?

A
  • butter
  • cooking oil
  • cream
  • avacados
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6
Q

lipid function?

A
  • store of energy
  • thermal and electrical insulation
  • fuel for respiration
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7
Q

what is energy measured in?

A

kilojoules (kJ)

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8
Q

energy content of a food sample method?

A
  • measure 25cm3 of water, pour it into the boiling tube and record the start temperature
  • light the food sample over a Bunsen burner, then hold it under a boiling tube of water to heat it
  • if the food stops burning, relight it until it cannot burn anymore
  • measure the finishing temperature of the water and calculate the temperature change
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9
Q

energy content calculation

A

energy = mass of water x 4.2 x temp increase

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10
Q

iron function?

A
  • forms the part of the haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
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11
Q

iron food sources?

A
  • red meat
  • liver
  • spinach
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12
Q

iron deficiency disease?

A

anaemia

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13
Q

calcium function?

A
  • needed to form bones and teeth
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14
Q

calcium food source?

A
  • milk and dairy products
  • fish
  • fresh vegetables
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15
Q

calcium deficiency disease?

A

rickets

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16
Q

vitamin A use in the body?

A
  • making a chemical in the retina and also protects the surface of the eye
17
Q

vitamin A effect of deficiency?

A
  • night blindness
  • damaged cornea
18
Q

vitamin A food sources?

A
  • fish liver oil
  • liver
  • butter
  • carrots
19
Q

vitamin C use in the body?

A
  • needed for cells and tissues to stick together
20
Q

vitamin C effect of deficiency?

A

scurvy

21
Q

vitamin C food sources?

A
  • fresh fruit
  • fresh vegetables
22
Q

vitamin D use in the body?

A
  • needed to absorb calcium and phosphate ions from food
23
Q

vitamin D effect of deficiency?

A
  • rickets - caused by weak bones
24
Q

vitamin D food sources?

A
  • dairy products
  • oily fish
25
Q

why is water an essential part of our diet?

A

it is an essential solvent - it is used to transport the components of blood and is crucial for temperature regulation e.g. sweating

26
Q

what is fibre used for in our diet?

A
  • fibre is plant material that you cannot digest, it is mainly a chemical called cellulose (found in the cell wall of plants)
  • fibre helps the movement of food through the intestine, preventing constipation and bowel cancer
27
Q

why are fruits, vegetables and grains are good sources of fibre?

A

they all contain cellulose