Genetics Flashcards
Filial generation
Offspring of Parent generation
Parent generation
creator of offspring or starting point of experiment
Genes
unit of heredity passed to offspring. Contain alleles
True breeding
parents produce offspring that carry the same phenotype.
Purebred
all ancestors of the offspring will have the same phenotype
Hybrid
offspring of 2 different varieties
Alleles
alternative forms of a gene (Ex: AA and aa)
Multiple alleles
more than one allele for a trait (Ex: blood; I^A and i and I^B)
Codominance
neither allele masks the other (both traits visible) Ex: speckled chickens
Incomplete dominance
neither trait is dominant, resulting in a blend (Ex: pink flowers from red and white ones because both allele is equally present)
Complete dominance
one allele completely masks the other
Law of Independent Assortment
The inheritance of alleles for one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait
Dihybrid cross
a cross between the alleles of 2 different traits (16 squares instead of 4)
Recessive
overpowered, latent trait
Inheritance
the transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Monohybrid cross
A cross studying one trait (4 squares)
Genotype
allele combinations for offspring – genetic makeup
Phenotype
Physical representation of alleles
Punnett Square
Used to determine the outcomes of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
Homozygous
the same gene in an allele (Ex: ii and AA)
Heterozygous
Different genes in an allele (Ex: Aa and Gg)
Law of Segregation
Inherited traits are determined by pairs of factors, which segregate in the gametes, with one in each gamete.