Plant Systems Flashcards
Dermal Tissue
Type of plant tissue; includes cuticle, stomata, guard cells, and trichomes.
Vascular Tissue
Type of plant tissue; Cells specialized for conducting materials throughout the plant; includes xylem and phloem.
Ground Tissue
Type of plant tissue; Makes up bulk of a young plant; Fills up the space between the dermal and vascular tissues; Contains most of internal, nonvascular regions
Meristem Tissue
Type of plant tissue; Only regions that are able to divide by cell mitosis; 2 types: Apical Meristems & Lateral Meristems
Cuticle
Covers the outer surface with a waxy, transparent layer
Stomata
On lower surface of leaf; Small holes that allow gases and water vapour in and out of leaf
Guard Cell
Two-bean shaped structures that control the size of the stomata
Trichomes
“hairs”; usually appear on all plant parts; function: absorption, protection and secretion
Xylem
Carries water & dissolved ions up from roots to other plant parts; When matures it is a non-living duct, oriented end to end, the length of the plant
Phloem
Transports sugars synthesized in leaves throughout the plant down to the root for storage; Contains sieve tubes and companion cells
Sieve tube
vertically stacked cells with perforated end walls, no nucleus
allows easy passage of water and food materials throughout plant
Companion Cell
Lie next to sieve element and carry out cellular functions of sieve tubes
Apical Meristem
causes primary growth (lengthening); occurs at tips of shoots and roots; produces new leaves and flowers
Lateral Meristem
causes secondary growth (widening); occurs at the cambium; produces bark on trees.
Epidermis (epidermal tissue)
the outer layer of the root and contains root hairs
