Dna, Genes and chromosomes

Question 1

(Est)What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid and it is found in the nucleus of each cell.

Question 2

(Est)What are the 4 kinds of Nitrogen bases?

Answer 2

There are 4 kinds of Nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).

Question 3

What connects with adenine?

Answer 3

Thymine.

Question 4

What does guanine connect with?

Answer 4

Cytosine.

Question 5

What is a gene?

Answer 5

A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a specific genetic characteristic.

Question 6

What is a healthy number of chromosomes for a human?

Answer 6

23 pairs. for a total of 46.

Question 7

(est)what is a protein?

Answer 7

Proteins determine the character traits of a person. A character trait is a physical or
psychological characteristic that may vary from one individual to another within the same species

Question 8

(est) Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 8

 DNA is double helix while
RNA in single helix.
 DNA has thymine while
RNA has Uracil.
 DNA has deoxyribose and
RNA has ribose (sugar)

Question 9

(est)What can leave the nucleus?

Answer 9

RNA

Question 10

Name the steps in protein synthesis.

Answer 10

1. Transcription of DNA to messenger RNA:
2. Attachment of messenger RNA to the ribosome:
3. Translation of the messenger RNA into a protein:
4. End of Protein Synthesis:

Question 11

(est) What happens in Transcription of DNA to messenger RNAÉ

Answer 11

The genetic information is copied onto RNA.

Question 12

(est) what happens in the Attachment of messenger RNA to the ribosome?

Answer 12

Ribosomes attaches and reads the nucleotide in groups of 3.

Question 13

(est) what happens in the Translation of the messenger RNA into a protein:

Answer 13

 The genetic code determines which amino acid will be added.
 Transfer RNA brings the correct amino acid (as per genetic code).

Question 14

(Est) what is cross-breeding?

Answer 14

Crossbreeding is the exchange of gametes between two
individuals during sexual reproduction, producing a hybrid

Question 15

(est) What is an allele?

Answer 15

An allele is a possible form of a gene.

Question 16

(est) What is the difference between a homozygous trait and a heterozygous trait?

Answer 16

When
both alleles of a character trait are identical in an individual, it is
said to be homozygous for the trait. When the two alleles are
different, the individual is said to be heterozygous for the trait

Question 17

(est) What is a genotype?

Answer 17

An individual’s genotype describes an individual’s alleles for a
specific gene. ex: Bb BB

Question 18

(est) what is a phenotype?

Answer 18

An individual’s phenotype describes the way in which the genotype expresses itself.
ex: ginger hair, green eyes.

Question 19

B: brown hair b: orange hair
John and Mary are having a kid, John has a genotype of BB and Mary has a genotype of Bb. What is the probability of the child having orange hair?

Answer 19

0% chance