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Physiology exam 1 > Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Organization of skeletal muscle

A

Whole muscle (organ)
Fascicles (bundles of muscle cells)
Muscle fibers (individual cells)
Myofibrils (intracellular structure)
Myofilaments (myosin and actin)

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2
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Sarcosomes

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

Radially oriented, tubular invaginations of the cell membrane

A

Transverse tubules -aka T tubules

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7
Q

Z line to Z line makes

A

Sarcomere

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8
Q

Titan and nebulin are

A

Giant accessory proteins

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9
Q

Difference between Titin and nebulin

A

Titan spans one Z disk to M line. Nebulin attaches to Z but does not extend M

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10
Q

I band is made of

A

Thin filament only

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11
Q

Made of regions where both thick and thin filaments overlap

A

A band

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12
Q

Clear band in the middle of A band

A

H zone

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13
Q

Represents the proteins to which thick filaments attach

A

M line

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14
Q

Accessory proteins that link the thin filaments together

A

Z disc

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15
Q

Provides elasticity and stabilizes myosin

A

Titin

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16
Q

Thick filaments are

A

Myosin

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17
Q

Thin filaments are

A

Actin

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18
Q

Force created by contracting muscle

A

Muscle tension

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19
Q

Weight that opposed contraction.

A

Load

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20
Q

Creation of tension in muscle (requires ATP)

A

Contraction

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21
Q

Release of tension

A

Relaxation.

22
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

The actin and myosin connecting and contracting

23
Q

Can the muscular function or muscles play a part in timing of death? T/F

A

True

24
Q

A reversible condition in which an exercising muscle is no longer able to generate or sustain the expected power output

A

Fatigue

25
Q

Fatigue is influenced by

A
  • intensity and duration
  • using aerobic or anaerobic metabolism
  • muscle composition ( fast vs slow) twitch
  • individual fitness level
26
Q

Fatigue causes classified into

A

Central and peripheral

27
Q

Slow twitch

A

Smaller diameter, darker color due to myoglobin, and fatigue-resistant

28
Q

Fast twitch

A

Larger diameter, pale color, easily fatigue, glycolytic

29
Q

Central fatigue mechanisms

A

Psychological effects
Protective reflexes

30
Q

What type of fatigue is feeling tired

A

Central fatigue

31
Q

Where does action potential begin

A

Neuromuscular junction

32
Q

Z line to Z line =

A

sarcomere

33
Q

when a muscle fiber is relaxed the cross bridge binding site on the actin is covered by what

A

tropomyosin

34
Q

A bands are dark or light

A

dark

35
Q

I bands are dark or light

A

light

36
Q

how can you increase the force generated by a single muscle fiber

A

by increasing the frequency at which action potential stimulates the muscle fiber

37
Q

does a single twitch represent the maximum tension that a muscle fiber can have

A

no

38
Q

stimuli closer together do not allow the muscle to relax is

A

summation

39
Q

tetanus

A

action potential stimulation of the muscle fiber occurs at a high frequency so that relaxation diminishes and it reaches its maximal contraction

40
Q

incomplete (unfused) tetanus

A

muscle fiber does not reach maximum value and the fiber relaxes slightly between stimuli

41
Q

complete tetanus

A

maximum tension is achieved and it stays there, muscle does not relax

42
Q

basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle

A

motor unit

43
Q

one somatic motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

44
Q

muscles used for fine motor actions may only contain ___ muscle fibers

A

3-5

45
Q

muscles used for gross motor actions may contain ___ muscle fibers

A

hundreds to thousands

46
Q

DHP and RYR are in relation to

A

excitation- contraction coupling

47
Q

botulinum neurotoxin prevents the release of ___ into the junction

A

ACh

48
Q

effective in the treatment of conditions characterized by muscle hyperactivity

A

botox

49
Q

myasthenia graves reduces the efficiency of

A

neuromuscular transmission

50
Q

a standard acetylocholinestrase inhibitor drug used to treat myasthenia graves

A

neostigmine

Physiology exam 1 (10 decks)

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