Oceans - 10 Syme side

Question 1

Why do people choose to migrate using oceans?

Answer 1

• No barriers
• Boats cheaper - affordable

Question 2

What is a refugee?

Answer 2

A person owing to a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality of political opinion outside the country

Question 3

How can refugees from landlocked countries become refugee migrants on the ocean?

Answer 3

Travel to the coast

Question 4

Why do Western European countries attract migrants?

Answer 4

• Historic links
• Stability
• Jobs

Question 5

Why is the Mediterranean a flow for refugees travelling by boats?

Answer 5

Greater disparities between human development index

Question 6

What (or who) fuels the number of migrants wishing to come to Western Europe?

Answer 6

• Family connections
• Language
• Strong historic links
• Lack of political instability

Question 7

What governance is available to deal with the causes and consequences of migration by oceans?

Answer 7

• The United Nations for High Commissioner for Refugees
• EU -> Frontex

Question 8

What is Frontex?

Answer 8

EU border agency

Question 9

How many EU fund do Frontex receive?

Answer 9

$ 1 billion

Question 10

What do the EU fund?

Answer 10

• Boats
• Assist Libyan coast guards -> drones

Question 11

What are the detention centres in Libya known for?

Answer 11

• Human trafficking
• Human rights violation
• Gang based violence

Question 12

How many unauthorised immigrants are there?

Answer 12

1 in 5 immigrants in Europe

Question 13

Where do most migrants come from?

Answer 13

Algeria, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kosovo

Question 14

How much did Italy pay coast guards to intercept?

Answer 14

€90 million

Question 15

How did the Italian and Libyans deal cut migration flows?

Answer 15

From 181,000 - 9300

Question 16

What has the interception of smuggling crafts led to?

Answer 16

• Torture
• Rape
• Murder

Question 17

What did the IDM argue?

Answer 17

That there should be more legal routes for people to come to Europe

Question 18

What kind of boats are migrants trying to flee in?

Answer 18

Wooden

Question 19

How many refugees were presumed dead in 2020?

Answer 19

980

Question 20

How many people were intercepted and returned back to Libya in 2021?

Answer 20

31,500

Question 21

What political factor influenced the migration crisis?

Answer 21

The assassination of Gaddafi plunged Libya into Chaos

Question 22

What issues have arisen in Greek refugee camps?

Answer 22

• Overcrowding
• Inadequate
• Dangerous
• Humanitarian needs not being met

Question 23

Why have problems arisen in Greek camps?

Answer 23

• Greek govt failed to identify gaps NGOs need to fill
• Govt indecisiveness - chain of organisations funding must go through

Question 24

What is the capacity of the Samos centre?

Answer 24

700-800

Question 25

How many people was the Samos centre housing?

Answer 25

1400

Question 26

How did Britain fail to manage migrants?

Answer 26

Inflatable dinghy capsized-> 27 people drowned

Question 27

What was the aim of Brexit?

Answer 27

To take back control of UK borders -> restrictive “nationality and borders bill”

Question 28

What is “ push back”?

Answer 28

Physically pushing people and their boats back , back from the European border and preventing them from docking

Question 29

How many pushback was Frontex involved in?

Answer 29

957 in the Aegean Sea