HC3: Sexual disorders and gender variations Flashcards
De 4 D’s
- Deviance
- Distress
- Dysfunction
- Danger
1 of 3 categories in DSM-5 referring to sexuality; sexual dysfunctions
Persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle
1 of 3 categories in DSM-5 referring to sexuality; paraphilic
Repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate, and they may behave inappropriate as well
1 of 3 categories in DSM-5 referring to sexuality; gender dysphoria
Persistently feel that they have been born to the wrong sex, identify with the other gender, and experience significant distress or impairment because of these feelings
Sexual Dysfunctions: betekenis en diagnostiseren
- Set of disorders in which people have difficulty responding sexually or experiencing sexual pleasure
- To be diagnosed problems must:
- Occur most of the time for at least 6 months
- Cause significant distress or impairment
- Not be due to another nonsexual psychiatric problem
The sexual response cycle
- Desire fase; sexual urges in response to sexual fantasies or enviromental ques.
- Arousal fase; psychological experience of sexual arousal, vasocongestion = increased blood flow to penis in males and pelvic area in females, and myotonia = muscular tension.
- Plateau fase; high but stable level before orgasm
- Orgasm fase; in males sense of inevitability of ejaculation, followed by ejaculation; in female, rhytmic contractions of the vagina en more irregular contractions of the uterus.
- Resolution fase; decreased arousel, deep relaxation possible.
Sexual disfunctions terminology
- Life long; Some people struggle with sexual dysfunction their whole lives
- Acquired (verworven); For others, normal sexual functioning preceded the disorder
- Global (gegeneraliseerd); In some cases, the dysfunction is present during all sexual situations
- Situational (situatief); In others it is tied to particular situations
Sexual dysfunctions/disorders; DSM-IV TR → DSM-5
DSM-IV TR
Sexual desire disorders
- Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Sexual aversion disorder
Sexual arousal disorders
- Female sexual arousal disorder
- Male erectile disorder
Orgasmic disorders
- Female orgasmic disorder
- Male orgasmic disorder
- Premature orgasmic disorder
Sexual pain disorders
- Dyspareunia
- Vaginismus
DSM-5 (DSM-5 R since november 2022)
Sexual desire disorders
- Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Sexual arousal disorder
- Erectile disorder
- Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Orgasmic disorders
- Female orgasmic disorder
- Premature ejaculation
- Delayed ejaculation
Sexual pain disorder
- Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
functioning. The term sexual dysfunction refers to ___.
Problems with the normal sexual response cycle
Jacob (21 years old) has a reduced interest in sex. The psychologist thinks he has a male hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Which statement is correct?
In order to diagnose Jacob, the lack of interest should be present for 6 months, during that time he has few fantasies or desires
Some men, like Jacob, report never having had much interest in sex, either with other people or privately, as in the viewing of erotic films, masturbation, or fantasy. According to the DSM 5 , these men are most likely diagnosed with ________ disorder.
lifelong male hypoactive sexual desire
Janel finds that she reaches the sexual excitement phase of the sexual response cycle but has difficulty moving past that stage. She is most likely experiencing ___
anorgasmia
Janel’s friend Claudia has vaginismus. Anytime something is inserted into the vagina (penis, finger, tampon or speculum) what happens?
The muscles spasm and will not allow anything inside
Janel’s friend Claudia has vaginismus (DSM IV TR). Which symptoms belong to the criteria of genito pelvic pain/penetration disorder.
a. Difficulty having vaginal penetration during intercourse
b. Significant vaginal or pelvic pain when trying to have intercourse or penetration
c. Significant fear that vaginal penetration will cause vaginal or pelvic pain
d. Significant tensing of the pelvic muscles during vaginal penetration
Checklist voor; Female orgasmic disorder
- Individual usually displays a significant delay, infrequency, or absence of orgasm, and/or is unable to achieve past orgasmic intensity
- Individual experiences significant distress
- Present for at least 6 months