Physiology: Male Sex Hormones: Dragatsis

Question 1

Testes are fed by what artery? What is unique about its journey to the testes?

Answer 1

Testicular artery goes through the pampiniform plexus to cool off blood to the 37* primo temperature for spermatogenesis

Question 2

What moves the testes and why?

Answer 2

Cremaster muscle, to maintain temperature.

Question 3

Elephants testes are where?

Answer 3

Inside!

Question 4

Sperm is stored where?

Answer 4

Epidydimus

Question 5

Semen is stored where?

Answer 5

Seminal vesicles

Question 6

How many sperm in 5ml of ejaculate

Answer 6

400 million viable sperm!

Question 7

What is the food of the spern?

Answer 7

Fructose in semen

Question 8

How does semen neutralize the acidic vagina?

Answer 8

Alkali bicarbonate and enzymes

Question 9

Why does sperm become coagulated outside body? When does it re liquidize?

Answer 9

To stick to vagina, re-liquidizes when acid is neutralized and vagina is wet again.

Question 10

What are irreversible changes of puberty?

Answer 10

Beard growth, voice, muscle mass

Question 11

What are the two major function of testes?

Answer 11

Spermatogenesis and androgenesis.

Question 12

What occupies the most space in the testes?

Answer 12

Seminiferous tubules: make sperm

Question 13

What makes T in testes?

Answer 13

Leydig cells

Question 14

What is required for spermatogenesis?

Answer 14

Seminiferous: FSH and high T (T requires LH in leydig)

Question 15

How many days to a mature sperm?

Answer 15

62 days

Question 16

What are sertoli cell functions?

Answer 16

Stimulate spermatogenesis
make, neourish, and protect sperm
Make inhibin hormone to feedback to decrease FSH
Phagocytosis of dead or defective sperm

Question 17

What is the site of action of FSH and T?

Answer 17

Sertoli cells in tubules

Question 18

What happens if sperm enter blood stream?

Answer 18

Antibody attack

Question 19

What prevents immune reaction to sperm?

Answer 19

Testicular-blood barrier made by sertoli cells

Question 20

What is the release [attern of LH and T?

Answer 20

Pulsatile

Question 21

What is the receptor affinity of DHT vs. T?

Answer 21

Higher affinity, but different organ targets

Question 22

What converts T to DHT?

Answer 22

5 alpha reductase

Question 23

What does DHT cause?

Answer 23

Enlarged prostate
Hair changes
Acne

Question 24

What tissues do not need T transformation to DHT?

Answer 24

Skeletal muscle
Penis
Scrotum
Libido

Question 25

Where is T degraded?

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

Where is T excreted?

Answer 26

Urine

Question 27

What can T be converted to?

Answer 27

DHT

Estradiol

Question 28

Where is estradiol converted?

Answer 28

Adipose
Pituitary
Hypothalamus

Question 29

What transport T?

Answer 29

GBG
SHBG
TeBG
TEBG
Albumin

Question 30

What percent of T is free?

Answer 30

2-3%

Question 31

How do epidydimus cells get T, since they are isolated from blood?

Answer 31

Androgen binding protein in luminal fluid from leydig cells

Question 32

Is there a link between T and homosexuality?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What does T do in Hypothalamus? Pit?

Answer 33

Hypo: less GnRH, wider pulses
Pit: Less LH, FSH

Question 34

When do bodybuilders know they are taking too much T?

Answer 34

Testes shrink due to FSH decrease, no more Seminiferous tubule stimulation

Question 35

At what age does T begin to drop?

Answer 35

35 yo

Question 36

What happens in old male?

Answer 36

Reduced free T, more SHBG made due to liver

Question 37

Liver does what with T?

Answer 37

Makes estradiol