Physiology: Female Sex Hormones: Dragatsis

Question 1

How many eggs does a woman usually have?

Answer 1

400,000

Question 2

What is the process of ovulation steps?

Answer 2

Follicle
Primordial follicle
Corpus luteum
Mature follicule (with ovum and antrium)
Ovulation

Remaining: Corpus hemorrhagium (recently ovulated)

Question 3

What does estrogen do? Stimulate growth and hormonal secretion of ovaries and follicals to stimulate the dominant follicle

Answer 3

f

Question 4

What are the negative and positive feedbacks of estrogen on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary/

Answer 4

Low: inhibit LH/FSH
Rising: sitim LH/FSH–>LH surge causes ovulation
high: Inhibitory!
Very low+ progesterone: inhibitory

Question 5

What is used in birth control pills?

Answer 5

Very low E, and Progesterone

Question 6

Estrogen does what to oviduct?

Answer 6

+: muscle, epithelium, motility, ciliary beating

Question 7

Estrogen does what to uterus?

Answer 7

+ Myometrium growth and contractility
+ endometrium growth, spiral artery development
+blood supply

Question 8

Estrogen does what to the cervix?

Answer 8

Production of thin, watery, clear mucus to allow sperm to get into uterus

Question 9

What does estrogen do to uterine circulation?

Answer 9

Antivconstrictive dilatory

Question 10

What is estrogen effect on the vagina?

Answer 10

+lubrication
+thickness of wall
+cornification

Question 11

What does estrogen do to the mamary glands?

Answer 11

Branching of ducts
Fat deposition, connective tissue deposition
darkeing and growth of areola and nipples

Question 12

TEST: What type of receptors does estrogen increase in the endometrium?

Answer 12

Progesterone receptors

Question 13

Why is it important that estrogen increases progesterone receptors in the endometrium?

Answer 13

1; Alllows endometrium to increase nutrient secretion to fertilized egg (glycogen) before implantation, in response to increased progesterone in the luteal phase
2. allows implantation invasion

Question 14

What do estrogen and testosterone do to bones?

Answer 14

Cause closure of epiphyseal plates at end of GH

Question 15

How does estrogen effect cholesterol metabolism?

Answer 15

Good! High HDL and low LDL, anti-atherogenic

Question 16

What are some other effects of estrogen?

Answer 16

Increase pit size
Increase Prolactin secretion (but blocks stimulation of milk synthesis)
Anti-osteoporotic

Question 17

What does estrogen do to libido?

Answer 17

increase libido

Question 18

Progesterone does what?

Answer 18

Promote gestation (Pro-Gest)

Question 19

Effect of progesteron one uterine muscle?

Answer 19

Inhihitory: antagonizes estrogen

• motility
• contractions
• oxytocin senstivity
• excitability

Question 20

Progesterone effects on endometrium?

Answer 20

Prepares for implantation: secretions and acceptability

Question 21

Progesterone effects on pituitary?

Answer 21

Inhibit LH and FSH, especially when estrogen is present

Question 22

Progesterone effect on breasts?

Answer 22

+mammary gland growth

-milk synthesis (inhibits prolactin)

Question 23

Progesterone effect on body temp?

Answer 23

Raises body temp post ovulation

Question 24

Progesterone effect on cervix?

Answer 24

Thick, sticky secretions (prevents sperm and BACTERIA entry)

Question 25

Progesterone effect on HPit?

Answer 25

Very high: inhibitory (used in birth control)