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Endocrine > Physiology: Menstruation: Nutting > Flashcards

Physiology: Menstruation: Nutting Flashcards

1
Q

How many sperm get into os?

A

1/2000

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2
Q

How many sperm get to top of uterus?

A

1/5000

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3
Q

What is the survival of the ovum?

A

1-12 hours

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4
Q

What is the survival of th sperm/

A

1-5 days

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5
Q

When are men sexually interested?

A

Always

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6
Q

When are women sexuality interested?

A

Mid cycle

Just before menstruation

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7
Q

What is typcical volume of ejaculate?

A

1-3 ml

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8
Q

How many sperm per ml?

A

100 million

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9
Q

How many total sperm?

A

100-300 million

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10
Q

What causes cervical mucus thinning?

A

Estrogen

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11
Q

What increases motility of female tract?

A

Estradiol (E2)
PG (from semen)
Oxytocin (post. pit–>orgasm)

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12
Q

Probability of getting pregnant 1-2 days before ovulation?

A

30%

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13
Q

Probability of getting pregnant day after ovulation?

A

Near 0

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14
Q

What is the probability of getting preganany 3-5 days before ovulation?

A

10%

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15
Q

What day does a woman ovulate?

A

Half of her cycle:
30 day? ~15
28 day? ~14

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16
Q

When does birth rate drop off?

A

After 35 years old, due to primordial follicle fall off

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17
Q

How many eggs are ovulated over 35 years?

A

400-450k

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18
Q

What happens when all eggs are gone?

A

Menopause

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19
Q

What is thestructure of the follicle outside in?

A

Thecal cells
Granulosa cells
Antrum
Ovum

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20
Q

What does the gfollicle secrete?

A

estrogen: estrodiol-17B
androgen from thecal cells
progesterone

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21
Q

What do the granulosa cells make?

A

Estradiol out of androgens from thecal cells stimulated by LH

Inhibin: reduce FSH in post pituitary

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22
Q

What are granulosa cells stimulated by?

A

FSH (leads to inhbin)

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23
Q

What are the two main cell types of the ovaries?

A

x

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24
Q

What happens to the endometrium in blood supply and glands during one cycle?

A

x

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25
Q

What hormones does the ovary synthecize and secrete in one cycle?

A

x

26
Q

What hormones does the pit make in one cycle?

A

x

27
Q

What happens to the BBT in one cycle?

A

x

28
Q

TEST: Figure on cycle

A

FSH–>Estradiol–>LH–>Ovulation–>Progesterone/Estrogen/Inhibin–>Menstruation–>FSH

29
Q

What starts the maturation of the next set of follicles to grow in the cycle?

A

FSH and LH slow rise after mentruation

30
Q

FSH causes what to rise?

A

Estradiol

Inhibin

31
Q

What causes the mid-cycle surge in LH?

A

Estradiol (from FSH stim) switch from low concentration to high concentration

32
Q

What is the main thing necessary for ovulation?

A

LH surge

not really need FSH to ovulate

33
Q

What does birth control pills try to prevent?

A

LH surge–>ovulation

34
Q

What does the pre-ovulation surge in Prog tell us?

A

The dominant follicle is beginning to be a corpus luteum, and make progesterone

35
Q

When does the corpus luteum form?

A

2-3 days prior to ovulation with the estradiol/LH spike

36
Q

Corpus luteum means what?

A

Yellow Body

Can see with a laproscope, loaded with fat to become estrogen and progesterone

37
Q

When does BBT go up in cycle? How much?

A

1/2 to 1* F

At ovulation

38
Q

When does BBT fall back to normal?

A

When progesterone falls at mentruation

39
Q

What is important about measuring the BBT?

A

EXACT same thing/time every day

40
Q

What happens to endometrium in cycle?

A

Menstrual–Proliferative–>secretory

41
Q

What initiates menstrual sloughing on a circulation level?

A

Spiral artery spasm

42
Q

FSH stimulates what?

A
  1. Granuloaa cells to proliferate
  2. Granulosa cells to make inhibin and convert androgens from theca cells to estrogen for target action in female genitalia
43
Q

LH does what?

A

Stimulate thecal cells to make androgens

44
Q

What cells have aromatase?

A

Granulosa cells of ovary, convert androgens to estrogen

45
Q

How does estrogen lead to positive feedback in the follicle?

A
  1. It causes follicle to grow after being made in it

2. Pituitary stimulation of FSH… ?

46
Q

What other receptors are on granulosa cells in follicle?What do they do?

A 
IGF-TWO 2222
Activins
VEGF
Inhibin
*positive feedback to follicle growth
47
Q

During follicular phase, the ovaries produce what 4 paracrine factors for positive feedback of follicular growth?

A

IGF-2
Activins
VEGF
Inhibin

48
Q

Thecal cells use what fro granulosa cells to make androgens?

A

Pregnenolone

49
Q

What converts androgens to estrogen?

A

Aromatase

50
Q

What causes variation in length in a woman’s menstrual cycle?

A

The length of the FOLLICULAR phase

51
Q

What does hCG do?

A

Keeps the Corpus Luteum from degenerating, occurs in pregnancy

52
Q

What day does hCG show up?

A

~7-10

53
Q

What day does implantation occur?

A

~7 days

54
Q

When does the corpus luteum regress without hCG?

A

8 days after ovulation

55
Q

When does the corpus luteum develop?

A

Shortly BEFORE ovulation

56
Q

How long does the luteal phase last?

A

2 weeks (cut CL is degenerating in the last 5 days)

57
Q

What causes progesterone in the CL?

A

LH (and FSH)

58
Q

What causes estrogen formation in the CL granulosa cell?

A

Just FSH

59
Q

How can you seem to have a normal cycle without ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum still forms, secretes E and Prog, and cycle happens without egg drop

60
Q

What is the normal length of the luteal phase?

A

14 days

61
Q

What can cause a shortened luteal phase?

A
  1. new heavy excercise
  2. infertility
  3. first trimester miscarriage history
62
Q

What effects the mitotic rate of mammary gland cells in cycle?

A

Increases in luteal phase of every cycle

Endocrine (15 decks)

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