[🧫] Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 1

Nucleolus - site of ribosome production

Question 2

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

Answer 2

Cell surface membrane - controls the exchange of materials between the internal cell environment and the external cell environment

Question 3

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Nuclear envelope - allows
mRNA and ribosomes to move out of the nucleus
and enzymes and signalling molecules to move into the nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Nucleus - controls inheritance and cell activities

Question 5

What is the function of plasmodesmata

(in plant cells only)?

Answer 5

allows cytosol and other small molecules to flow directly from cell to cell

Question 6

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 6

offers structural support to the cell

Question 7

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

site of aerobic respiration

Question 8

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Answer 8

Modifies proteins and packages them into lysosomes

Question 9

Usually,

how thick is the cell wall?

Answer 9

100nm thick

Question 10

Usually,

what is the diameter of the nucleus?

Answer 10

diameter: 5 thousand - 20 thousand nm

Question 11

Usually,

what is the length of the mitochondrion?

Answer 11

length: 500 to 1000 nm

Question 12

Usually,

what is the diameter of an 80S ribosome?

Answer 12

eukaryotes: 20-30 nm in diameter

Question 13

Usually,

what is the diameter of a 70S ribosome?

Answer 13

prokaryotes: 20nm in diameter

Question 14

Usually,

what is the diameter of a microtubule?

Answer 14

diameter: 25nm

Question 15

What is the function of the small, circular mitochondrial DNA?

Answer 15

controls mitochondrial replication

Question 16

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 16

processes and transports proteins made by the ribosomes

Question 17

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

produces, processes, transports and stores lipids, carbohydrates and steroids

Question 18

What is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 18

site of protein synthesis

Question 19

What is the function of the lysosome?

Answer 19

contains hydrolytic enzymes to break down waste materials

Question 20

What is the function of the centriole?

Answer 20

organise spindle fibres during cell division

Question 21

What is the function of the microtubule?

Answer 21

makes up the cytoskeleton to provide support and movement of the cell

Question 22

What is the function of the cilia?

Answer 22

allows for the movement of substances over the cell surface

Question 23

What is the function of the microvilli?

Answer 23

increases the cell surface area for absorption

Question 24

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 24

site of photosynthesis and protein synthesis for chloroplast replication and photosynthesis

Question 25

What is the function of the large vacuole in plants?

Answer 25

to support the structure of the cell and store dissolved sugars, mineral salts and amino acids

Question 26

What is the function of the tonoplast of the vacuole?

Answer 26

controls the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole

Question 27

Usually,

how thick is the phospholipid bilayer of the cell surface membrane?

Answer 27

7 - 10nm

Question 28

Define

Resolution

Answer 28

the ability to differentiate between two points that are close together

Question 29

Define

Object

Answer 29

the material put under the microscope

Question 30

Define

Image

Answer 30

The appearance of the object when viewed under the microscope

Question 31

Define

Magnification

Answer 31

How many times bigger the image is when compared to the object

Question 32

Usually,

what is the diameter of a lysosome?

Answer 32

400nm