Pathology - integumentary system

Question 1

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Answer 1

• causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure
• sx: new growth/sore not healing
• tx: curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, cryosurgery, laser therapy

Question 2

Squamoes cell carcinoma

Answer 2

• causes: light/fair skin, sun exposure, less common than BCC
• sx: spreads to surroudning tissue, most commone on face/head
• tx: curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, cryosurgery, laser therapy

Question 3

Malignant melanoma

Answer 3

• causes: light/skin, sun exposure
• sx: itchy,bleeding mole, new mole, mole with changes
• tx: depends on stage of lesion, surgery, lymph node biopsy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy

Question 4

Acne vulgaris

Answer 4

• causes: surge of sex hormones during puberty, excess sebum on skin surface
• sx: black heads, white heads, papules, pustules
• tx: regular cleansing of affected are, OTC benzoyl peroxide products, prescription meds

Question 5

Alopecia

Answer 5

• causes: often hereditary, hormone changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns, fungal skin infections
• sx: loss/lack of hair anywhere on body, typically on scalp, could be eyebrows/eyelashes
• tx: no cure, hair transplants/meds can slow progress

Question 6

callulitis

Answer 6

• causes: staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections
• sx: red, tight skin, pain in flamed area, fever
• tx: oral/topical abx, hopsitalization if risk of developing systemic infection

Question 7

Dermatitis

Answer 7

• causes: mutliple causative agents, contact with irritants
• sx: inflammation of skin results in rash/pruritus
• tx: treatment is based on cause, corticosteroid creams, oral steroids

Question 8

Eczema

Answer 8

• causes: unknow
• sx: chronic dermatitis w/ vesicular eruptions delevoping itchy, red, scaly rash
• tx: topical/systemic steroid, NSAIDs for discomfort

Question 9

Folliculitis

Answer 9

• causes: shaving/repeated rubbing of shaved area, bacteria/fungi
• sx: red, itchy hair follicles
• tx: regular cleansing of affected area, topical abx, eletric shaver instead of razor

Question 10

Herpes simplex

Answer 10

• causes: contact with herpes simple virus
• sx: type I: painful blisters on lips, mouth, face. type II: similar lesions, located in genital area
• tx: no cure, antiviral medication to decrease frequency of outbreaks

Question 11

Impetigo

Answer 11

• causes: staphylococcal/streptococcal bacteria
• sx: itchy, oozing skin lesions w/ honey like apprearing crust
• tx: abx, frequent cleansing of area

Question 12

Pediculosis

Answer 12

• causes: parasitic lice infestation
• sx: skin itching, nits (eggs) in hair near roots
• tx: prescription/OTC lice treatments/shampoos

Question 13

Psoriasis

Answer 13

• causes: inherited autommune disorder
• sx: silvery, scaly, severly itchy skin lesions, joint pain and inflammation
• tx: oral NSAIDs, topical screams containing vitamines A/D, hydrocortisone cream, UV treatments

Question 14

Ringworm

Answer 14

• causes: contact w/ causative fungus
• sx: flat, circular lesions (dry/scaly or moist/crusty)
• tx: topical/oral antifungal meds

Question 15

Rosacea

Answer 15

• causes: dilation of small facial blood vessels, unknown
• sx: redness, acne-like eruptions on face
• tx: topical cortisones, abx, vascular laser therapy