Pathology - urinary system

Question 1

Acute kidney failure

Answer 1

• causes: burns, dehydration, hemorrhage, low blood pressure, trauma
• sx: little to no urine production, swelling in extremities, mental confusion, coma, seizures, nose bleeds
• tx: increase dietary protein, fluid and potassium intake regulation, dialysis

Question 2

Chronie kidney disease

Answer 2

• causes: dm, htn, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease
• sx: headache, seizures, confusion, fatigue, anemia, abnormal heart/lung sounds
• tx: abx, blood transfuion, control of blood pressure, dialysis, kidney transplant

Question 3

Incontinence

Answer 3

• causes: nervous sytem disorders, urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder cancer, prostate disorders
• sx: involuntary urination
• tx: meds, surgical removal of the prostate, kegel exercises, surgery

Question 4

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 4

• causes: enlarged kidneys due to cysts, inherited
• sx: hypertension, fatigue, anemia, heart murmurs
• tx: meds, draining of cysts, surgical removal of kidney

Question 5

Pyelonephritis

Answer 5

• causes: bladder infection that spreads to kidneys
• sx: fatigue, fever, painful urination, cloudy/bloody urine
• tx: abx

Question 6

Renal calculi

Answer 6

• causes: highly concentrated urine, UTI, gout
• sx: severe back/abd pain, fever, nausea, urgency
• tx: meds, surgery, lithotripsy