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NBCOT > Random NBCOT Terms > Flashcards

Random NBCOT Terms Flashcards

1
Q

BADL

A

Basic activities of daily living

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2
Q

Stage 1 pressure ulcer

A
  • no open wound/tears in skin
  • skin reddens but does not blanch
  • warm to the touch
  • surrounding area may feel either firmer or softer
  • client may report pain
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3
Q

Stage 2 pressure ulcer

A
  • partial-thickness skin loss
  • exposed dermis
  • open wound that looks like a scrape, blister, or tear
  • client reports pain and tenderness
  • warm to the touch
  • localized edema
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4
Q

Stage 3 pressure ulcer

A
  • full-thickness skin loss
  • open wound that looks like a crater
  • wound extends into the fat layer, but not to the tendon, muscle, or bone
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5
Q

Stage 4 pressure ulcer

A
  • full-thickness tissue/skin loss
  • open wound with visible muscle, tendon, or bone
  • tunneling or undermining may both be present
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6
Q

Unstageable pressure ulcer

A
  • full-thickness skin/tissue loss
  • wound completely converted by eschar or slough
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7
Q

Musculoskeletal system: changes associated with aging

A
  • decreased bone density
  • sarcopenia (loss of muscle tissue)
  • decline in skeletal flexibility/mobility
  • joint degeneration
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8
Q

Nervous system: changes associated with aging

A
  • brain atrophy
  • decrease in nerve conduction velocity
  • reduced ability to maintain homeostasis
  • decline in cognitive processing: memory, reaction time, processing speed, problem-solving
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9
Q

Cardiopulmonary system: changes associated with aging

A
  • thickening of inner lining of the heart
  • decreased cardiac output
  • changes in elastin of arterial walls
  • reduced lung volume
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10
Q

Integumentary system: changes associated with aging

A
  • reduced collagen and elastin
  • decreased melanin production
  • reduced tactile sensitivity
  • changes to hair growth, color, and thickness
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11
Q

Genitourinary system: changes associated with aging

A
  • smaller bladder capacity
  • bladder muscle weakness
  • reduced sensation to void
  • decline in urethral closure
  • changes in sexual organ functioning
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12
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

caused by overproduction of collagen & increased vascularity
- initially appearing as raised, thick, erythematous, possibly in circular/spiral pattern
- progressively becomes flatter/more pliable as wound matures & collagen fibers relax

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13
Q

Superficial burn

A

1st degree burn
- mild sunburn or short exposure to heat source, chemical, hot liquid
- damage only to epidermis
- dry, superficial redness, blister free
- reports of mild to moderate discomfort
- no risk of scar formation/contracture

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14
Q

Superficial partial thickness burn

A
  • severe sunburn, lengthy exposure to heat source
  • damage to upper dermis & epidermis
  • blistering and redness
  • reports of significant discomfort
  • low risk of hypertrophic scar formation
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15
Q

Deep partial thickness burn

A
  • direct contact or lengthy exposure to a heat source
  • complete destruction of epidermis and most of dermis
  • redness and large blisters
  • high risk of hypertrophic scar or contractures
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16
Q

Full thickness burn

A
  • damage to nerve endings, dermis, epidermis
  • pale in appearance
  • decreased tactile sensation
  • high risk of hypertrophic scar or contractures, may require surgery to promote wound healing
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17
Q

Web space contracture

A

Loss of tissue elasticity between fingers or toes impacting function
- commonly associated with soft tissue trauma such as a burn

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18
Q

Spasticity

A

Abnormal motor movement resulting from impairment in CNS characterized by hypertonia

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19
Q

Pitting edema

A

Type of interstitial swelling in extremities in which an indent appears after pressure is applied, typically graded from absent (0) to severe (3+)

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20
Q

Subluxation of the shoulder

A

Musculoskeletal condition
- partial dislocation of glenohumeral joint
- caused by trauma, decreased muscle strength in RTC

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21
Q

Rigidity

A

Abnormal neurogenic movements
- results in reflexive posturing, inflexibility, muscular stiffness, jerky/irregular movements

Types
- decorticate
- decree rate
- cog-wheel
- lead pipe

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22
Q

Decorticate rigidity

A

Characteristic abnormal reflexive posturing secondary to severe brain injury, typically in Pts w/score of 3 on motor section of Glasgow coma scale
- flexion of elbows across chest
- adduction/flexion of wrists
- flexion of fingers
- extension/IR of legs
- plantar flexion of feet

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23
Q

Decerebrate rigidity

A

Characteristic abnormal reflexive posturing secondary to severe brain injury, typically in Pt’s w/score of 2 on motor section of Glasgow coma scale
- adduction & extension of arms next to body
- pronation of forearms
- flexion of wrists & fingers
- extension & IR of legs
- plantar flexion of feet

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24
Q

Cog-wheel rigidity

A

Motor dysfunction secondary to lesion of basal ganglia
- muscles respond in jerky motion when force is applied during flexion of a joint
- common PD symptom

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25
Q

Clasp-knife rigidity

A

Reflexive abnormal motor response due to cortical lesion
- spastic muscle suddenly releases tension & gives way in response to passive stretch

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26
Q

Lead pipe rigidity

A

Motor dysfunction secondary to a lesion of basal ganglia
- slow PROM, constant resistance is felt throughout
- common PD symptom

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27
Q

Clonus

A

Reflexive abnormal motor movements in response to tendon stretch (as in reflex testing)
- indicative of a cortical lesion
- series of involuntary rhythmic contraction & relaxation of the muscle

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28
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Lobe of the cerebral cortex
- emotional control
- impulse control
- motor function
- short-term memory
- initiation
- executive function: organization, planning, problem solving
- social & sexual behavior

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29
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Lobe of the cerebral cortex
- long-term memory
- receptive language (L temporal lobe)
- processing of sensory information (auditory and visual)

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30
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Cerebral cortex lobe
- integration of sensory information
- knowledge of numbers and their relations
- manipulation of objects
- visuospatial processing (right)
- praxis (left)

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31
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Cerebral cortex lobe
- visual reception
- color recognition

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32
Q

Explicit memory

A

Purposeful retrieval of experiences and factual information about everyday life events

Types:
- episodic
- semantic

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33
Q

Implicit memory

A

Automatic retrieval of motor or cognitive information required to perform actions or tasks

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34
Q

Short-term memory

A

Type of memory that involves storing chunks of information or facts for a limited duration of time

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35
Q

Long-term memory

A

Type of memory associated with storing information for an extended duration of time

Three types
- episodic
- semantic
- procedural

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36
Q

Episodic memory

A

Type of declarative LT memory associated with retrieval of personal information (food eaten for lunch, clothing worn to school, events at a party)

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37
Q

Semantic memory

A

Type of declarative LT memory associated with retrieval of common knowledge including vocabulary and general facts (colors, names of political leaders, capitals of countries)

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38
Q

Procedural memory

A

Type of LT memory associated with knowing how to perform learned skills and actions (how to ride a bicycle, tie shoes)

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39
Q

Prospective memory

A

Type of memory associated with remembering to perform an action or event planned for a future date (attend a medical appointment, take medication, pay a bill)

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40
Q

Encoding

A

Stage of memory where brain processes details of information to be remembered

Associated with following brain structures:
- language areas (Broca’s, Wernicke’s area)
- frontal lobes
- visual system

Stages of memory:
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval

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41
Q

Storage

A

Stage of memory where encoded information is transferred to an area of the brain for later retrieval

Associated with following brain structures:
- bilateral medial temporal lobes
- hippocampus

Stages of memory:
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval

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42
Q

Retrieval

A

Stage of memory where brain searches for and recalls relevant information

Associated with following brain structure:
- frontal lobe

Stages of memory
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval

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43
Q

Cranial nerve 1: olfactory nerve

A

Cranial nerve that relays sense of smell

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44
Q

Cranial nerve II: optic nerve

A

Cranial nerve that relays visual information, including visual field and acuity

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45
Q

Cranial nerve III: oculomotor nerve

A

Cranial nerve that innervates muscles of the eyes for
- eyelid elevation (prevents ptosis)
- elevation, depression, adduction of the eye
- constriction of the pupil

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46
Q

Cranial nerve IV: trochlear nerve

A

Cranial nerve that innervates muscles of the eye for
- depression and abduction of the eye

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47
Q

Cranial nerve V: trigeminal nerve

A
  • innervates muscles associated with chewing, biting, rotary movements of the jaw
  • sensory branch innervates skin, mucous membranes, sinuses of the face
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48
Q

Cranial nerve VI: abducens nerve

A
  • Abduction of the eye
  • accommodation for far vision
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49
Q

Cranial nerve VII: facial nerve

A
  • facial expression
  • sense of taste for anterior two-thirds of tongue
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50
Q

Cranial nerve VII: vestibulocochlear nerve

A
  • hearing
  • balance
  • postural control
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51
Q

Cranial nerve IX: glossopharangeal nerve & cranial nerve X: vagus

A

Tested together
- gag reflex
- regulation of blood pressure
- sense of taste for posterior one-third of tongue
- innervates pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
- parasympathetic innervation of chest and abdomen

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52
Q

Cranial nerve XI: spinal accessory nerve

A
  • innervates sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles for motor movements of the shoulder and neck
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53
Q

Cranial nerve XII: hypoglossal nerve

A

Motor movement of the tongue

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54
Q

Visual field

A

The area that a person can see via central & peripheral vision

Examples of deficits in this field include
- central scoot a
- homonymous hemianopia
- quadrantanopia

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55
Q

Central scotoma

A

Impaired central vision

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56
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

Visual field deficit characterized by decreased vision in one quadrant of the visual field

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57
Q

Visual acuity

A

The ability of the visual system to clearly discriminate shapes & details in the environment

58
Q

Visual accommodation

A

Mechanism of the eye that allow clarity of vision when a visual stimulus moves close to or away from the eyes

59
Q

Stereopsis

A

Ability to see 3-D objects and perceive depth; may be impaired by
- monocular vision
- strabismus

60
Q

Contrast sensitivity

A

Visual ability to differentiate between
- shades of color
- an object and its background

61
Q

Strabismus

A

Condition in which the eyes do not align when looking at an object; impacts
- accurately reaching for objects
- reading

62
Q

Stereognosis (haptic or tactile gnosia)

A

Ability to perceive/identify an object by touch without visual or auditory cues (i.e. identifying a light switch in a completely dark room

63
Q

Oculomotor control

A

Ability of the eyes to move in all directions & move together, impairments may cause:
- increased head movement
- difficulty keeping place

64
Q

Visual scanning

A

Ability of the eyes to systematically search, impairments may cause:
- decreased visual attention
- difficulty reading
- difficulty navigating

65
Q

Visual attention

A

Ability to maintain one’s gaze on a visual stimulus

66
Q

Pattern recognition

A

Ability to identify information and determine similarities & differences in the stimulus to form a meaningful pattern

67
Q

Visual memory

A

Ability to capture a visual image & transfer it to short & long term memory for recognition & retrieval at a later time

68
Q

Visual cognition

A

Ability to process visual information by integrating it with other sensory information to perform meaningful activities

69
Q

Right/left discrimination

A

Ability to differentiate one side of the body from the other, impairments may cause:
- decreased ability to follow directional instructions
- difficulty with spatial relations

70
Q

Topographic orientation

A

Ability to orient oneself to the surroundings using visuospatial skills, impairments may cause:
- difficulty with directions/navigation
- learning routes

71
Q

Figure-ground discrimination

A

Ability to focus on a single detail in a busy background, impairments may cause difficulties with:
- locating personal items in a cluttered space
- flinging information on a blackboard
- locating a person in a crowd

72
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty in swallowing associated with
- neurological, developmental, or oral motor condition
- sensory, motor, or behavioral dysfunction

73
Q

Cleft lip & palate

A

Structural deformity in which upper lip &/or palette has congenital separation requiring surgery

Intervention: safe feeding strategies pre & post op

74
Q

Oral motor dysfunction

A

Functional impairment of the musculature of lips, jaw, tongue, cheeks associated with neuromuscular and/or developmental conditions

Difficulties with
- eating
- blowing/sucking
- speaking

75
Q

Client record

A

Written documentation that contains data pertaining to client’s situation

76
Q

Record review

A

Process of gathering relevant information to support safe/effective therapeutic process

Examples:
- medical chart
- radiology/lab reports
- prior therapy notes
- reports from interprofessional team members

77
Q

Questionnaire

A

Assessment method in which client or proxy answers series of written questions to contribute information during data-gathering process

78
Q

Screening

A

Quick method for acquiring general information about client’s diagnosis or cognition

often used to determine rehabilitation potential or need for more in-depth assessment

79
Q

Performance-based test

A

Type of assessment in which occupational performance is measured through observation & analysis of client engaging in functional tasks

80
Q

Evaluation

A

Comprehensive process to determine client-centered priorities and goals, components include
- creating occupational profile
- administering standardized and non standardized assessments
- formulating conclusions regarding needs/priorities
- collaboration to develop targeted plan

81
Q

Assessment

A

Standardized or nonstandardized tool to collect specific information for the evaluation

Examples
- COPM
- Kitchen task assessment
- transition planning inventory
- Contextual memory test

82
Q

Occupational profile

A

Part of OT process completed during evaluation & refined throughout intervention used to gain an understanding of
- typical level of performance & participation in occupations
- client identified priorities

83
Q

Observation

A

Act of watching a client perform an action or occupation-based activity

84
Q

Interview

A

Structured dialogue or conversation to collect information from client, caregivers, or relevant others

85
Q

Proxy

A

Person who provides information or answers to questions on behalf of client during an interview or on a questionnaire

86
Q

Structured interview

A

Type of interview conducted in systemic manner with specific questions typically asked in predetermined and consistent order

87
Q

Open-ended interview

A

Nonstandardized and unstructured interview that allows client to openly share information & interviewer to ask follow-up questions customized based on client’s responses

88
Q

Standardized test

A

Evaluation tool administer under standard procedures & scored against specific guidelines

89
Q

Non-standardized test

A

Evaluation tool that measures ability or performance not compared to a norm or standard

90
Q

Norm-referenced test

A

Type of standardized test
- compares performance of client in relation to average performance of peer sample

91
Q

Self-report test

A

Test for collecting data on performance/behavior directly from client, caregivers, or relevant others

Examples:
- ages & stages questionnaire
- children’s assessment of participation & enjoyment

92
Q

Criterion-referenced test

A

Type of standardized test
- compares abilities of client to defined list of skills or level of performance

Examples:
- school function assessment
- gross-motor function measure

93
Q

Ipsative assessment

A

Type of standardized test
- client rates own level of performance using specific test instructions
- results compared at separate intervals over time

Examples
- COPM
- pediatric volitional questionnaire

94
Q

Anthropometric

A

Measurements that refer to size & proportions of the human body

95
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Consistency of a test in yielding similar results over time
- calculated by administering same test on 2 different occasions

96
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Ability of test to yield similar results when administered to same client by 2 independent raters

97
Q

Intrarater reliability

A

Ability of test to yield similar results when administered to same client by same therapist with repeated testing

98
Q

Internal consistency

A

Correlation statistic calculated to ensure items on a test deliver consistent scores

99
Q

Glascow Coma scale

A

Neurological screening tool used to identify level of consciousness & measure severity of traumatic brain injury

Features include:
- 15 point scale
- measures motor, verbal, eye-opening responses

100
Q

Driving evaluation

A

Combination of clinical assessments, simulated performance tests, and road evaluation used to determine level of safety & independence when operating a motor vehicle

101
Q

Job demands

A

Performance components of the specific physical, cognitive, and social task demands of a job

102
Q

Work performance measurement

A

Part of vocational rehab process
- includes evaluation of client’s ability to perform demands of the workplace

103
Q

Client factors

A

Language in OTPF used to describe characteristics that affect performance skills & performance patterns including
- body structures
- body functions
- values
- beliefs
- spirituality

104
Q

Volition

A

Intrinsic motivation to perform or participate in an activity

105
Q

Judgement

A

Neurobehavioral ability to make safe/effective decisions based on relevant information & feedback

106
Q

motivation

A

Intrinsic desire to participate in an activity or continue to perform an activity

107
Q

Affordances

A

Visual cue learned through exploratory actions
- used to enhance understanding of an object’s intended function
- may be impaired in children with ASD

108
Q

Exercise intolerance

A

Energy expenditure beyond current capacity

Symptoms
- chest pain
- excessive fatigue
- SOB and/or dizziness

109
Q

Social demands

A

Challenges/pressures present in an interactive context that may influence task performance

110
Q

Caregiver adaptation

A

Process of modifying perceptions, actions, & skills by the person providing care based on needs of recipient of care

111
Q

Restrictive repetitive acts

A

Diagnostic feature of ASD that involves repetitive movements/actions

Examples
- flapping arms
- rocking
- spinning
- banging head

112
Q

Ideation

A

Cognitive ability to generate new concepts or ideas about an object or situation

113
Q

Suicidal ideation

A

Thought process associated with act of suicide, often associated with depression, anxiety, & mood disorders

Signs/symptoms
- feelings of helplessness & isolation
- low self-esteem & psychological distress

114
Q

Altered mental status

A

General term that refers to decrease in cognitive function, feelings of confusion, change in behavior &/or agitation
- may indicate a transient or acute condition (such as delirium or stupor) or chronic condition (dementia)

115
Q

Arousal

A

Physiological state in which individual is responsive to sensory stimuli
- requisite for being alert & attentive

116
Q

Sustained attention

A

Type of attention
- focusing on a task over time without being distracted

117
Q

Divided attention

A

Type of attention
- shifting focus between 2+ tasks at the same time

118
Q

Selective attention

A

Type of attention
- focusing on a particular stimuli while simultaneously filtering out distractions

119
Q

Emotional dysregulation

A

Emotional action/behavior not within typically expected range of emotional responses for a particular social situation

120
Q

Activity tolerance

A

Duration of time a client can physically & mentally perform an activity before needing a rest break

121
Q

Functional performance

A

Ability to carry out daily living tasks

122
Q

Social skills

A

Skills associated with developing relationships with others
- interacting/expressing emotion
- verbal/nonverbal communication
- eye-contact
- reciprocity
- empathy

123
Q

Self-awareness

A

Ability to identify & perceive personal strengths & weaknesses that may influence
- motivation to change
- metacognition
- recognition of performance errors
- desire to modify performance

124
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

Medications to treat psychiatric conditions
- act on neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions
- intended to influence behavior change

125
Q

Antipsychotic medications

A

Meds used to treat psychotic symptoms
- mania
- agitation
- hallucinations & delusions

126
Q

Antidepressant medications

A

Meds to treat depression, anxiety, aggression, agitation, disturbed sleep patterns, & low mood

127
Q

Mood stabilizing medications

A

Meds in treatment of bipolar disorder to treat symptoms of mania & depression

128
Q

Anticonvulsant medications

A

Meds in treatment of seizure disorders

129
Q

Performance skills

A

Language in OTPF that defines client’s ability to complete components of an activity
- characterized as motor, process, & social interaction skills

130
Q

Motor coordination

A

Function of cerebellum that includes ability for diff muscle groups to work smoothly together to allow for desired rate & rhythm of movement

131
Q

Performance patterns

A

Language in OTPF that describes frequency & level of participation in occupations including
- habits
- routines
- roles
- rituals

132
Q

Physical environment

A

Context(s) that support or hinder occupational performance & participation includes
- built surroundings (e.g. home, workplace, cement walkway)
- natural surroundings (e.g. hills, plants, trees)

133
Q

Personal context

A

Conditions within the individual that uniquely influence occupational performance including
- stable factors (e.g. age, long standing belief structure)
- dynamic factors (e.g. pain, mood, fatigue)

134
Q

Social context

A

Elements within & surrounding a client that influence interpersonal & individual behaviors during occupational performance

135
Q

Cultural context

A

Beliefs, customs, values that are shared by individuals within a group or community
- influence activity choice

136
Q

Multicontextual approach

A

Expectation that task modifications/cognitive strategies should be applicable & be practiced in multiple contexts where client has performance demands

Based on Dynamic Interactional Model of Cognition

137
Q

Activity analysis

A

Process of identifying task demands & abilities required to perform the task &/or the environmental factors affecting performance

138
Q

Activity analysis: activity configuration

A

Component of activity analysis in which all parts of an activity are considered by the practitioner

139
Q

Activity analysis: activity synthesis

A

Component of activity analysis in which intervention activities are matched, modified, & graded to support progress towards client’s goals

140
Q

Pre-driving tasks

A

Tasks completed prior to operating a motor vehicle
- getting to the vehicle
- transferring into the vehicle
- manipulating the key for functional use
- opening/closing car door
- loading/unloading mobility devices
- adjusting seat/controls
- securing seat belt

NBCOT (17 decks)

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