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NBCOT > Cardiopulmonary Conditions > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Non controllable heart disease risk factors

A
  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Family history
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2
Q

Controllable heart disease risk factors

A
  1. Smoking
  2. Hyperlipidema
  3. Hypertension
  4. Sedentary lifestyle
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3
Q

Sometimes controllable heart disease risk factors

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Diabetes
  3. Stress
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4
Q

OT intervention for coronary artery disease & angina pectoris

A

Sternal precautions, home program guidelines

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5
Q

Types of open heart surgery

A
  1. Coronary artery bypass graft
  2. valve replacement
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6
Q

Phases of cardiac rehab

A
  1. Inpatient
  2. Outpatient
  3. Community
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7
Q

Inpatient: phase 1 of OT intervention

A
  1. Monitor electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse
  2. Clinical pathway: checklist of therapy tx for particular dx; variances from list are recorded
  3. ADL progress & activity according to MET levels
  4. Monitor symptoms of activity intolerance
  5. Develop home program: activity guidelines, pacing, simplify activities, temperature precautions, social/sexual activity guidelines, risk factors, symptoms of activity intolerance
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8
Q

Outpatient: phase 2 of OT intervention

A
  1. OT 3 days a week for 4-8 weeks
  2. Exercise & activity to tolerance with progression of MET levels
  3. Weight training at 2-4 weeks if symptoms controlled
  4. Education in risk factor modification
  5. Evaluation for psychosocial issues & referral if indicated
  6. Work hardening if indicated
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9
Q

Community: phase 3 of OT intervention

A
  1. Physician referral
  2. Stress test
  3. Continue phase 2 activities & progress as tolerated with less therapy supervision & in community settings
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10
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Prolonged ischemia (reduced blood flow), injury, death to area of myocardium
- caused by occlusion of one or more of coronary arteries
- results in necrosis of heart tissue

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11
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerotic disease process (artery covered with plaque)
- narrows lumen of coronary arteries
- results in ischemia (reduced blood flow) to myocardium

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12
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Clinical manifestation of ischemia (reduced blood flow)
- mild to moderate substernal chest pain/discomfort
- feels like pressure/dull ache in chest & L arm (can be felt anywhere in UE inc neck, jaw, back, arm, epigastric area)
- lasts less than 20 min

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13
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

L sided heart failure
- blood not adequately pumped into systemic circulation
- pulmonary congestion, edema, low cardiac output due to backup of blood from LV to LA and lungs
- occurs with insult to L ventricle due to myocardial disease, excessive workload of heart (hypertension, valvular disease, congenital defects), cardiac arrhymias, heart damage

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14
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical dilation of blood vessel using small balloon tipped catheter inflated inside lumen
- relieves obstructed blood flow in acute angina or acute MI
- improves coronary blood flow, improved L ventricular function, angina relief

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15
Q

COPD

A

Condition with damage to alveolar wall & inflammation of conducting airways

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16
Q

Emphysema

A

Alveoli rupture or enlarge
- lungs lose elasticity

17
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Long term inflammation of bronchioles with dyspnea

18
Q

Symptoms of respiratory conditions

A

Dyspnea, fatigue, cough, sputum production, decreased nutrition, anxiety, depression

19
Q

OT eval of respiratory conditions

A
  1. ADL assessment (ROM, muscle strength, sensation, cognition, psychosocial status)
  2. Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  3. Daily activity interview
  4. Eval of need for AE
20
Q

OT interventions for respiratory conditions

A
  1. Pulmonary rehab medical team
  2. ADL training, administer O2 if goes below 90%, bathing & dressing 1 extremity at a time, frequent rest breaks
  3. Educate client on pursed lip & diaphragmatic breathing during activity, lean FAs on thighs & practice breathing to decrease anxiety, panic, SOB
  4. UE strengthening: weights, elastic bands, arm ergometer (arm bike)
  5. Adapt community activities to increase participation
  6. Train on stress management & relaxation techniques
  7. Work simplification, energy conservation techniques
  8. Training to increase functional endurance

NBCOT (17 decks)

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