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NBCOT > PEDS ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

PEDS ASSESSMENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hole between R & L atria that must close at birth

A

Foramen ovale

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2
Q

What must close at birth to allow blood flow to the lungs?

A

Ductus anteriosus

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3
Q

What must close at birth to allow blood flow to the liver?

A

Ductus venosus

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4
Q

Defects that increase pulmonary blood flow

A
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus
  2. Atrial septal deficits
  3. Ventricular septal deficits
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5
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus is

A

Common in premature
- leads to heart failure, inadequate oxygen to brain

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6
Q

What causes “wet lungs”

A

Atrial septal deficits

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7
Q

Atrial septal deficits

A

Opening in septum between R & L atrial chambers
- wet lungs (too much blood in lungs)
- lead to respiratory infection, R ventricle working too hard —- heart failure, poor exercise tolerance, being small for age

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8
Q

Deficits that decrease pulmonary blood flow

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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9
Q

Ventricular septal deficits

A

1+ openings in muscular/membranous portions of ventricular septum
- 50% cases of resolve by 5yrs otherwise surgery needed
- feeding difficulties, SOB, increased perspiration, increased respiratory infections, fatigue with increased activity, delayed growth

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10
Q

Can result in Eisenmenger’s complex of pulmonary vascular obstruction

A

Ventricular septal deficits

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11
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  • pulmonary valve/artery stenosis, ventricular septal deficit, R ventricular hypertrophy, override of ventricular septum
  • central cyanosis, coagulation deficits, clubbing of fingers/toes, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, dyspnea
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12
Q

Result in feeding difficulties

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal deficits

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13
Q

Results in clubbing of fingers/toes

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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14
Q

Deficits with mixed pulmonary blood flow

A

Transposition of great arteries

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15
Q

Transposition of great arteries

A
  • no communication between systemic & pulmonary circulations
  • result of coexisting congenital transposition of the ventricles
  • cyanosis, congestive heart failure, respiratory distress
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16
Q

Result in heart failure

A
  • transposition of great arteries
  • patent ductus arteriosus
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17
Q

Result in cyanosis

A
  • transposition of great arteries
  • tetralogy of Fallot
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18
Q

Results in delayed growth

A

Ventricular septal deficits

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19
Q

Abnormally slow HR below 60 mph

A

Bradydysrhythmia

20
Q

Pacemaker is used for

A

Bradydysrthemia

21
Q

Abnormal fast HR more than 100 BPM

A

Tachydysrthymia

22
Q

Tachydysrthymia results in

A
  • can lead to CHF
  • irritability, poor eating habits, pallor
23
Q

Treatment for sickle cell anemia

A

Pain management

24
Q

Treatment for osteogenesis imperfeca

A
  • parent education in handling/positioning to prevent fx
  • encourage monitored activity promoting WBering
25
Q

Deficiency of surfactant

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

26
Q

Result of prolonged mechanical ventilation use to treat acute respiratory problems

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

27
Q

Bronchial smooth muscle hyperactivity that causes airway constriction in lower respiratory tract, difficulty breathing, wheezing

A

Asthma

28
Q

Degenerative condition caused by inherited autosomal recessive disorder related to chromosome 7 gene

A

Cystic fibrosis

29
Q

Too many red blood cells, elevated levels of white blood cells

A

Erythrocytosis/ transient leukemia
- Down syndrome children

30
Q

Absence/reduction of one of clottingblood proteins

A

Hemophilia

31
Q

Bleeding episodes after traumatic events

A

Mild hemophilia

32
Q

bleeding episodes after minor injury

A

Moderate hemophilia

33
Q

Bleeding after injuries or without apparent cause, may affect muscles/joints

A

Severe hemophilia

34
Q

signs of hemophilia

A
  1. Excessive bleeding
  2. Excessive bruising
  3. Spontaneous bruising/bleeding without known cause
  4. Nosebleeds
35
Q

Iron deficiency in blood

A

Anemia

36
Q

How is anemia treated?

A

Diet

37
Q

Abnormally shaped red blood cells

A

Sickle cell anemia

38
Q

Brittle bones, decreased bone deposition caused by inability to form type I collagen

A

OI

39
Q

Most severe OT

A

Fetal: fx occur in utero, during birth, high mortality

40
Q

Moderate severe OI

A

Infantile: fx in early childhood, severe limb deformity, growth disturbances

41
Q

Least severe OI

A

Juvenile: fx in late childhood, by puberty, bones begin to harden & fewer fx occur

42
Q

Excessive growth at ephiphyseal plate

A

Marfan’s syndrome

43
Q

Presentation of marfan’s syndrome

A
  1. Long slender fingers (arachnodactyly)
  2. Skull asymmetries
  3. Tall stature
  4. Joint, eye, heart differences
  5. Lax, hyper mobile joints
  6. Poorly developed, striated muscles
44
Q

Comorbidities of marfans

A
  1. Dislocation of lenses
  2. Scoliosis
  3. Coxa vara
  4. Depressed sternum
  5. Stooped shoulders
  6. Fragility of blood vessels
  7. Delayed walking
45
Q

Stunting of epiphyseal growth plate & cartilage formation

A

Achondroplasia (chnondrodystrophia or dwarfism)

46
Q

Presentation & comorbidities of achondroplasia

A
  • grow less than 4ft tall
  • limbs shorter in length
  • prominent forehead
  • small nose, jaw

Comorbidities: lumbar lordosis, coxa vara, cubitus Vargas, back and leg pain

47
Q

Reduced anterior horn cells in spinal cord

A

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital

NBCOT (17 decks)

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