Inheritance

Question 1

Mendelian inheritance

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel put together 2 principles relating to inheritance. 1)Various hereditary characteristics controlled by factors (genes) occurring in pairs and (2) during the formation of the gamete, the pairs of factors separate, each gamete receives only one set of factors, with the other set going to another gamete, these entire and allow for diff combo of genes

Question 2

Mendels experiments

Answer 2

Breeding experiments with garden peas and studied 7 pairs of contrasting characteristics is which alternatives were easily identifiable

Question 3

how he did it

Answer 3

Made sure plants were pure breeding for the characteristic he wanted to stud, pure breeding plants are those that produce the same characteristics in each succeeding generation when bred among themselves. He cross-bred plants with contrasting characteristics

Question 4

When cross-breeding he found that

Answer 4

the offspring (progeny) resembled only one of the parents, offspring were hybrid because they have gen info for green seed colour and yellow. Mendel called the characteristic shown by hybrid as dominant as the masked other (recessive)

Question 5

what happened when hybrids self pollinate

Answer 5

second gen was produced in which the characteristics reappeared in the ratio of 3 to 1. He concluded that hereditary factors were unchanged as they passed from one gen to the next and each pea had 2 hereditary factors for each characteristic and during gamete formation, they were segregated or separated with each gamete containing one gene for each trait

Question 6

principle of segregation

Answer 6

the alleles for a trait are separated during of gametes

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

The factor determining an inherited characteristic, in chromosome

Question 8

allele

Answer 8

alt form of gene

Question 9

dominant

Answer 9

An allele that masks the affect of another

Question 10

recessive

Answer 10

the allele that is masked by the alt , dom allele

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

Where an individual has the same allele for particular characteristics

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

An individual posses different alleles for a particular characteristic

Question 13

phenotype

Answer 13

The physical appearance of an individual as determined by the expression of alleles for that characteristic

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

The genetic makeup of an individual is determined by alleles for characteristics being considered

Question 15

punnet squares

Answer 15

used to model a cross and calc the probability of geno and phenotype of an individual. but not good to look at phenotypes produced in a family

Question 16

pedigree

Answer 16

model of phenotypes in a family and patterns of inheritance

Question 17

gen recom exception

Answer 17

Exception to the law: for genes that are located very close to one another on the same chromosome because of genetic linkage - these genes usually stay together.

Question 18

monohybrid cross

Answer 18

mating between indv in which one pair of contrasting characteristics is tested

Question 19

pure breeding

Answer 19

production of same characteristic in each gen when indv bre amongst selves (homoz)