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NSG 10 > CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

smallest units of life

A

cells

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2
Q

chemical reactions that occur within cells

A

cell metabolism

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3
Q

outermost component, encloses cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material components

A

cell membrane

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4
Q

structure of the plasma membrane, phospholipids form a double layer of molecules

A

fluid mosaic

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5
Q

O2 and CO2, pass directly through phospholips bilayer

A

cell membrane passage

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6
Q

movement of substance into and out of the cell

A

membrane transport

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7
Q

two methods of membrane transport

A

active and passive

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8
Q

no energy required

A

passive transport

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9
Q

require energy (ATP)

A

active transport

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10
Q

solute tends to move to an area where it is in higher concentration - low concentration

A

diffusion

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11
Q

types of diffusion

A

simple diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
filtration

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12
Q

unasisted, solutes are lipid soluble materials

A

simple diffusion

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13
Q

simple diffusion of water, highly polar waste easily crosses plasma membrane

A

osmosis

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14
Q

substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

A

facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid or pressure

A

filtration

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16
Q

classes of cell membrane channels

A

leak channels and gated channels

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17
Q

allow ions to pass through

A

leack channels

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18
Q

limit the movement of ions across the membrane

A

gated channels

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19
Q

force required to prevent the movement of water

A

osmotic pressure

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20
Q

types of osmosis

A

hyptonic
isotonic
hypertonic

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21
Q

has a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of water

A

hyptonic

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22
Q

concentrations of various solutes and water are the same on both sides

A

isotonic

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23
Q

higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration of water

A

hypertonic

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24
Q

mediated trasnport process, involving membrane proeins such as channels or carrier protein to move substance across the cell membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

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25
Q

utilizes memebrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane

A

active transport

26
Q

the malfunctions of active transport can lead to serious health conditions

A

cystic fibrosis

27
Q

involves the active transport of one substance across the cell membrane, establishing a concentration agent which provides energy for moving a second substances

A

secondary active transport

28
Q

diffusing subtance moves in the same direction

A

cotransport

29
Q

diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite

A

countertransport

30
Q

uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle

A

endocytosis

31
Q

often used for endocytosis when said particles are ingested

A

phagocytosis

32
Q

much smaller vesicles are formed, contain liquid rather than solid

A

pinocytosis

33
Q

release of substances from the cell through the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane

A

exocytosis

34
Q

stages of mitosis

A

interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

35
Q

located at the center of the cell, contains genetic materials or DNA

A

nucleus

36
Q

3 regions of nucleus

A

nuclear envelops
chromatin
nucleoli

37
Q

acts as a barrier of the nucleus, has a phospholipid membrane and nuclear pores

A

nuclear envelope

38
Q

condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

A

chromatin

39
Q

diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane, found within the nucleus

A

nucleoli

40
Q

where proteins are produced, may be attached to other organelles

A

ribosomes

41
Q

series of membranes forming sacs and tubules

A

endoplasmic reticulum

42
Q

attached w ribosomes

A

rouch endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

without ribosomes

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

golgi complex, closely packed stacks of curved membrane-bound sacs, collect, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids

A

golgi apparatus

45
Q

small membrane bound sac that transport or stores meterials, pinch off form golgi apparatus

A

secretory vesicles

46
Q

membrane bound vesicles formed from the golgi apparatus, contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems

A

lysosomes

47
Q

small membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisomes

48
Q

small organelles with inner and outer membranes separated by a space, powerhouse of the cells, carries out reactions, provides ATP

A

mitochondria

49
Q

folds in inner membranes

A

cristae

50
Q

internal framework of the cell, consists of protein structures that support the cell, holds organelle in place and enable the cell to change shape

A

cytoskeleton

51
Q

protein structures

A

microtubulues
microfilaments
intermediate filaments

52
Q

hollow structures formed from protein subunits

A

microtubules

53
Q

small fibrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support

A

microfilaments

54
Q

fibrils that structurally support (smaller)

A

intermediate fibrils

55
Q

centrosome is a specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occurs

A

centrioles

56
Q

project from the face of cells, vary in number, capable of mmoving, cylindrical structures, numerous on surface cells

A

cilia

57
Q

extensions of the cell membrane supported by mirofilaments, not actively move as cilia and flagella do, abundant on surface cells that line the kidney and intestine

A

microvilli

58
Q

process by which information stored in the genes of DNA molecules directs the manufacture of the various proteins of our cells

A

gene expression

59
Q

sequences of nucleotides that provide a chemical set of intructions

A

genes

60
Q

occurs in the nucleus, information stored in a region of the DNA is ised to produce a complementary mRNA

A

transcription

61
Q

nucleotide sequence of the molecule is ised to determine the composition of a polypeptide chain, precursor to protein

A

translation

62
Q

groups of three nucelotides, each specifies a particular amino acid, 64 possible mRNA, 20 amino acids

A

codons

NSG 10 (19 decks)

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