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NSG 10 > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the skin and accessory structures, such as hair, glands, and nails

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

major tissue layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis

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3
Q

most superficial layer, layer of epithelial tissue that rests on dermis

A

epidermis

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4
Q

stratified squamous epithelium, in deepest layers, new cells are produced by mitosis ; push older cells to surface

A

epidermis

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5
Q

protect cells underneath

A

outermost cells

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6
Q

replace cells lost from the surface

A

deeper cells

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7
Q

during movement, cells change shape and chemical composition ; cells become filled with protein keratin, makes them more rigid durable

A

keratinization

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8
Q

5 strata layers

A

strata corneum
strata lucidum
strata granulorum
strata spinorum
strata basale

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9
Q

consists of cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitotic divisions every 19 days

A

stratum basale

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10
Q

flattened appearance and accumulate lipid-filled vesicles called lamellar bodies

A

stratum spinorum

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11
Q

flat and diamond shaped ; accumulate more keratin and release lamellar bodies’ contents to extracellular space

A

stratum granulorum

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12
Q

thin, clear zone between stratum granulorum and stratum corneum ; present in certain areas of the body ; dont hve nuclei or nucleus

A

stratum lucidum

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13
Q

most superficial stratum ; dead squamous cells filled with keratin ; coated and surrounded by lipids released from lamellar bodies of skin cells ; 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells

A

stratum corneum

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14
Q

composed of dead collagenous connective tissue containing fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages ; nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels extend here

A

dermis

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15
Q

responsible for strength

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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16
Q

collagen fibers oriented in some direction than in others ; most resistant to stretch along these lines

A

cleavage lines or tension lines

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17
Q

skin is overstretched, dermis can be damaged leaving lines visible through the epidermis

A

stretch marks

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18
Q

extend toward the epidermis ; contain many blood vessels ; supplies epidermis with nutrients, removes waste products, helps regulate body temperature

A

dermal papillae

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19
Q

arranged in parallel, curving ridges that shape the overlying epidermis into patterns ; increase friction and improve the grip

A

friction ridges

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20
Q

delivers material to the blood slowly ; administered by drawing the skin taut and inserting small needle at shallow angle

A

intradermal injection

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21
Q

achieved by pinching skin to form ‘tent’, inserting a short needle into adipose tissue

A

subcutaneous injection

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22
Q

faster than intradermal or subcu ; long needle at 90 degrees angle to the skin into a muscle deep to the subcutaneous tissue

A

intramuscular injection

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23
Q

group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color ; provides protection against ultraviolet light from the sun

A

melanin

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24
Q

melanin is produced by

A

melanocytes

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25
Q

genetic trait that causes deficiency or absence of melanin, resulting in fair skin, white hair, and etc

A

albinism

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26
Q

irregularly shaped cells located between the stratum basale and stratum spinosum

A

melanocytes

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27
Q

decrease in blood O2 content, bluish color

A

cyanosis

28
Q

congenital disorders of blood vessels

A

birthmarks

29
Q

yellow pigment in plants ; source of Vitamin A

A

carotene

30
Q

skin rests on this tissue ; not part of the skin but instead attached the skin to underlying bone and muscle ; supplies it with blood vessels and nerves

A

subcutaneous tissue

31
Q

loose connective tissue, adipose tissue that contains half the body’s storied lipids

A

subcutaneous tissue

32
Q

functions as padding and insulation ; differences in appearance between male and female

A

adipose tissue

33
Q

used to estimate total body fat

A

subcutaneous tissue

34
Q

attached or embedded into the skin

A

accessory skin structures

35
Q

found everywhere on skin except palms, soles, lipids, nipples, parts of genitalia and distal segments of fingers and toes

A

hair

36
Q

each hair arises from this ; invagination of epidermis that extends deep into dermis ; important role in repair of skin

A

hair follicle

37
Q

protrudes above surface of skin

A

shaft

38
Q

below the surface of skin

A

root

39
Q

expanded base of root ; hair is produced here

A

hair bulb

40
Q

hard which surrounds the medulla ; covered by cuticle

A

cortex

41
Q

soft center

A

medulla

42
Q

single layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in hair follicle

A

cuticle

43
Q

extension of dermis that protrudes into hair bulb ; blood vessels here supply hair bulb with nourishment needed to produce hair

A

hair papilla

44
Q

smooth muscle cells ; contraction = hair is more perpendicular

A

arrector pili

45
Q

stand on end ; raised area of skin

A

goosebumps

46
Q

simple, branched acinar glands ; connected by a duct to the superficial part of a hair follicle

A

sebaceous glands

47
Q

oily, white substance rich in lipids ; released by holocrine secretion and lubricates the hair and surface of skin which prevents drying and protects against bacteria

A

sebum

48
Q

two types of sweat glands

A

eccrine
apocrine

49
Q

simple, coiled, tubular glands, and release sweat by melocrine secretion

A

eccrine

50
Q

simple, coiled, tubular glands that produce a thick secretion in organic substances

A

apocrine

51
Q

thin plate, consist of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that obtain a very hard type of keratine

A

nails

52
Q

visible part of the nail

A

nail body

53
Q

part covered by skin

A

nail root

54
Q

stratum corneum that extends into the nail body

A

cuticle

55
Q

nail root extends distally ; cell production = causes nails to grow

A

nail matrix

56
Q

nail attaches to underlying ; distal to matrix

A

nail bed

57
Q

small part of nail matrix ; seen through the nail body as whitish crescent shaped area

A

lunula

58
Q

yellowish skin color, occurs when liver is damaged by hepatitis

A

jaundice

59
Q

scarlet fever, allergic reactions

A

rashes

60
Q

injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity

A

burns

61
Q

part of stratum basale remains viable, regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burned area

A

partial thickness burns

62
Q

only epidermic, red, painful, edema or swelling may be present

A

first degree burn

63
Q

damage epidermis and dermis ; redness, pain, edema, blisters

A

second degree burn

64
Q

epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed

A

full thickness burns

65
Q

region is painless, sensory receptors destroyed

A

third degree burn

66
Q

extremely sever burns that affects tissue deeper than subcutaneous ; damage muscle, bones, and other tissues, painless and amputation may be needed

A

fourth degree burn

NSG 10 (19 decks)

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