Enteric Gram-neg (part 3) Flashcards
Genus Edwardsiella
E. tarda (animals infections)
E. ictaluri (animal infections)
E. hoshinae (non pathogen in reptiles and birds)
Where is Edwardsiella found?
Freshwater environment and intestinal tract of cold-blooded animals
Which animals are Edwardsiella found in?
Fish, eels and some higher vertebrates
E. tarda
Causes skin sores in warm water fish that progresses to ulcers
E. ictaluri
Causes enteric septicemia in catfish
“Hole in the head disease”
Edwards disease
Most important bacterial disease of aquaculture, 50% motility with annual loss of millions
Prevalent in the SE US
When does Edwards disease outbreak occur?
When water temperature rises to about 65 degrees Fahrenheit
Affected fish with edwards
Hang in vertical position at the pond surface may spin rapidly
Virulence factors of Edwards
Invasins, siderophores, hemolyins
Diagnosis of Edwards
Isolation of bacteria from affected tissue
Organisms grow at 25 degrees celcius for 48 hrs, biochemical test for ID
Serum agglutination or fluorescent Ab test
E. Tarda diagnosis
Lactose negative, produced H2S (confused with salmonella)
Prevention and control of Edwards
Removal of dead fish
Control of aquatic birds (transporters)
Feed containing oxytetracyclin and trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole
Genus Proteus
Produce swarmer cells with pretentious flagella
Species: P. myxofaciens, penneri, hauseri, mirabilis, vulgaris
Rapid urease activity
Where is Proteus found?
Soil, water, intestinal tract of birds, cold blooded animals, mammals and fecal contaminated materials
Proteus epidemiology
Isolated from UTI, prostatitis, nosomial bactermia
Prolonged antibiotic therapy predispose calves to proteus enteritis
