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1. Infection & Immunity > Filamentous Bacteria > Flashcards

Filamentous Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Filamentous bacteria clinical importance

A

Filamentous/ diphtheroid rod form
Wrinkled/ fuzzy colonies
Manifestation of Pyogranulomatous inflammation

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2
Q

Actinomyces characteristics

A

Oral flora, GIT and UGT
Strict/ facultative anaerobes
Non-spore forming, gram +, non-acid fast

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3
Q

Actinomyces

A

Require rich media for growth/ capnophilic
Killed by disinfectants, penicillin, fluroquinolones
Endogenous infections caused by commensal/ bites

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4
Q

Actinomyces pathogenesis

A

Triggers suppurative responses in immediate vicinity
Peripheral granulation, mononuclear infiltration, fibrosis
Exudate with yellow sulphur granuales/ rosettes

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5
Q

Ruminants infected with Actinomyces

A

A. bovis and A. israelii
Following trauma → lumpy jaw/ chronic osteomyelitis
Pulmonary infection in cattle

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6
Q

Actinomyces CS in ruminants

A

Porous bone with pus replacing normal bone
Teeth dislodgment, inability to chew, mandible fracture

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7
Q

Actinomyces infection in horses

A

A. bovis and A. denticolens
Isolated from abscesses, corneal swabs and skin pustules
Fistulous withers (saddle sores) and Brucella spp.

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8
Q

Actinomyces infection in dogs and cats

A

A bovis, A. hordeovulneris and A. viscous
Pyogranulomatous infections under the skin and body cavities
Actinomycotic discospondylitis/ foxtail grass

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9
Q

Actinomyces infection in swine

A

A. suis
Mastitis
Recovered from lung lesion and aborted fetuses

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10
Q

Diagnosing actinomyces

A

Aspiration
Granule/ tissue for Gr/AF stain for microscopic smears or culture
Exudate for yellow sulphur granules
qPCR-rRNA uring DNA primers

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11
Q

Lumpy jaw

A

Actinomycosis
Formation of hard tumor-like masses in the tongue
Caused by A. lingnieresii

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12
Q

Actinomyces treatment and control

A

Surgery, drainage and iodine therapy
Penicillin

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13
Q

Nocardia characteristics

A

Gram+, partially acid-fast, saprophytic, nonmotile
Polymorphic rods or cocci
Ubiquitous (soil and water)
Aerobic

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14
Q

Where are nocardia found?

A

Mammals, fish, mollusks, and birds

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15
Q

Nocardia transmission

A

Inhalation, direct contact (trauma) and infection
Bovine mastitis in contaminated equipment

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16
Q

Nocardia species

A

N. asteroides complex (farcinica, nova, transvalensis)- most common
N. brasiliensis
N. otiditiscavarium

17
Q

Important nocardia diseases

A

Pulmonary nocardiosis and mycetoma

18
Q

Nocardiosis in ruminants

A

Bovine mastitis
Fistulous tracts discharge, lymphadenopathy

19
Q

Norcardiosis in horses

A

Mycetoma, pulmonary infection and abortion

20
Q

Nocardiosis in dogs and cats

A

Pneumonia and suppurative pleuritis with empyema
Co-infection with distemper
Cutaneous and SQ abscess (cats)
High mortality rate

21
Q

Canine nocardiosis

A

Fluctant masses from otitidiscavarium
Develop mycetomas (tumor like mass of fungal mycelia)
Lyphadenitis

22
Q

Nocardia infection diagnosis

A

Partial acid-fast/ gram stain

23
Q

Nocardia treatment

A

Antimicrobial therapy and control
Trimethoprim-sulfonamid therapy
Fluoroquinolones

24
Q

Dermatophilus causes …..

A

Dermatophilosis
Streptothrichosis in cattle
Lumpy wool, strawberry foot rot in sheep
Rain rot or grease heal in horse

25
Q

Dermatophilosis

A

Caused by D. congolensis
Dense scabs on skin, exudative lesions

26
Q

Dermatophilus characteristics

A

Gram+, motile flagellate coccoid “zoospore”
Facultative anaerobic capnophilic
White grey to yellow colonies
High hemolytic
Obligate parasite CAN’T multiply saprophytically

27
Q

Dermatophilus transmission

A

Direct physical contact. stinging arthropods (ticks, flies)
Moist conditions

28
Q

Dermatophilus risk factors

A

Ticks of amblyomma genus
Tropical regions (cattle most susceptible)
Intemperate regions (sheep, horses)

29
Q

Dermatophilus pathogenesis

A

Invades the epidermis
Neutrophils under infected epidermis → scab
↑ PMNs

30
Q

Dermatophilus diagnosis

A

Gram/ Giemsa stain of scab
Florescent Ab in skin debris
Culture

31
Q

Treatment of Dermatophilus

A

Acute cases self limiting
Severe: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol
Long acting enrofloxacin*

32
Q

Streptobacillus

A

Rat-bite fever or haverhill fever
Facultative anaerobe
Gram-, nonmotile, non-spore, pleomorphic

33
Q

Streptobacillus species

A

One spp is pathogenic/ zoonotic
S. moniliformis (USA) and minus (Asia)
Reservoir: rodents pharynx/ rat

34
Q

Streptobacillus transmission

A

Bite or ingestion of contaminated food or water by rat excrement

35
Q

Streptobacillus patheogenesis

A

Joint and LN swelling to bronchopneumonia
Abscess in liver and septicemia
L-form relapses with treatmen

36
Q

Streptobacillus diagnosis

A

Culture
Puffball appearance (gray mucoid colonies)
Direct fluorescent Ab test
PCR and ELISA

37
Q

Streptobacillus treatment

A

Penicillin or tetracycline in pen-allergic
Resistant to cephalosporins and aminoglycosides

1. Infection & Immunity (19 decks)

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