lp 10 vocab head/neck/eye

Question 1

Normocephalic

Answer 1

—Someone whose upper extremities are considered normal. This is when the size and shape of their head and all the organs involved are normal size with no apparent changes.

Question 2

Crepitation / Crepitus

Answer 2

—Bone moving against other bone that produces a crackling to grinding noise. This can appeaser at any time in anyone, and it is just the noise created by ends of bone moving against each other.

Question 3

Fontanel

Answer 3

-Also known as the “soft spots” in infants, this is where complete bone formation on the skull isn’t fully complete yet, causing openings which is also known as the soft spots.

Question 4

Conjunctiva

Answer 4

—Protective layer to the eye. This will be inside of the eyelid and on top of the outer part of eye, and it protects the eye from the outer world.

Question 5

Sclera

Answer 5

• Also known as the white part of the eye, this coating of the eye is the tissue part of the eye, that gives the white color.

Question 6

Retina-

Answer 6

This is located in the back of the eye, and its functions consists of being a lining of cells that mainly focuses on being sensitive to light and converting the light into signals to send to the brain.

Question 7

Macula-

Answer 7

This is part of the eye that mainly focuses on processing vision. This is also located in the back of the eye, and processes what you are currently looking at.

Question 8

Canthus

Answer 8

-This is where the two eyelids meet. This helps to allow eyelids to close completely.

Question 9

Cornea-

Answer 9

This is located on the outer part of the eye. This focuses on controlling and selecting what light enters the eye in any given moment.

Question 10

Snellen Eye Chart—

Answer 10

This is the eye chart that is available in any doctor’s office. This helps to determine how well eyes are working by using varying sizes of letters and asking which ones they can see.

Question 11

Ophthalmoscope

Answer 11

• This is the instrument that has the light attached to it to examine eyes. Using this allows one to look into the back of the eye to complete an eye exam.

Question 12

EOM

Answer 12

—Extraocular muscle. This is the muscles you are testing in an eye exam. When moving the muscles around, you are testing to see if any of the EOMs are weaker than they should be by how much mobility they have.

Question 13

Nystagmus

Answer 13

—Uncontrollable eye movements. Results of this are incomplete balance, coordination and depth perception. The eyes will move on their own.

Question 14

Exophthalmos-

Answer 14

Also known as “bulging eyes”, this is when the eyeballs are further out then they should be.

Question 15

Scleral icterus

Answer 15

—When the white sclera turns yellow. This is often caused by too much bilirubin inside the blood that gets into the eye.

Question 16

PERRLA-”

Answer 16

Acronym used for functioning pupils, it means “pupils are equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation.

Question 17

Strabismus-

Answer 17

This is when eyes are not perfectly aligned with each other. Eyes might be too inward/outward, or on different vertical planes.

Question 18

Epicanthal Fold

Answer 18

—When the upper eyelid folds and covers the inner canthus. This can also be part of down syndrome.

Question 19

Ptosis—

Answer 19

When the upper eyelid starts to drop down over the eye, covering what ranges from a little to the pupil completely. People refer to this as “floppy/droopy eye.”

Question 20

Miosis-

Answer 20

pupils constricting way more often than they should be. The pupils are always small, regardless of in darker or lighter areas.

Question 21

Mydriasis-

Answer 21

Opposite of miosis, this is when the pupil’s contract too often and are always too wide, regardless of being in dark or light areas.

Question 22

Pinna—

Answer 22

Also known as the auricle, this is the visible outer layer of the ear. You can physically touch/grab this layer at all times.

Question 23

tympanic membrane—

Answer 23

You will use this layer when taking temperature from the ear, this is also known as the ear drum and is the separation of the outer and middle parts of the ear.

Question 24

Tragus

Answer 24

—The hard part of the ear sticking out closest to the front of the head. This helps provide a p barrier from the outer world into the ear.

Question 25

Otoscope

Answer 25

—This instrument shines light and is used for ear exams. It can help the nurse visualize how well the ear canal and ear drum is doing by using the light.

Question 26

Cerumen—

Answer 26

Also known as ear wax, this helps to protect the tympanic membrane by trapping particles and reflecting water and particles away from ear, protective layer.

Question 27

Otitis media—

Answer 27

inflammation inside of the eardrum. This is caused because of colds, repository infections or sore throats, and is caused by too much fluid in eardrum.

Question 28

Nares—

Answer 28

Opening of the nose. This allows for particles to get in and exit the nose.

Question 29

Uvula

Answer 29

—Inside of the back of the throat, the flesh ball. This helps to prevent any fluids or foods from going back into nose and directs food into esophagus.

Question 30

Rhinitis

Answer 30

—Causes the nose to run, sneeze and itch. This is inflammation of the nose that causes mucus to be produced.

Question 31

Epistaxis

Answer 31

—When the nose starts to bleed, this can range from any insignificant bleeding all the way to life threatening disease.

Question 32

Goiter

Answer 32

—When the thyroid gland grows too much. It is typically not a huge problem but can be a problem if it is thyroid cancer.

Question 33

Periorbital edema

Answer 33

—When the eyes are swelling. This is usually in the eye socket and is what people refer to as “puffy eyes.”

Question 34

Presbyopia

Answer 34

—Nearsighntess. This is when the body cannot clearly see items that are too close and becomes less clear.

Question 35

Corneal light reflex

Answer 35

—How well light reflects off of both corneas. Generally, the light should reflect the same on both eyes, but with unequal centering of pupils the light can reflect differently on both eyes.

Question 36

Pupillary light reflex—

Answer 36

When the pupils change seizes due to the amount of light currently. The pupil will either contract or dilate based upon how much light is present in the current situation.

Question 37

Cervical lymph nodes—

Answer 37

This helps in the defended of the body against infection. This delivers lymphocytes to areas of the body that are currently fighting infection.