unit 3 study guide

Question 1

Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of
head/eye/ear/neck assessments on a patient across the lifespan

Head/face/neck

Answer 1

Symmetry
* Nasolabial folds
* Normocephalic
* Facial expression (flat affect?)
* Midline
* Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)
* Teeth/Gums/Tongue
* Palate

Question 2

Describe the steps to complete a head/eye/ear/neck
assessment on a patient across the lifespan

Answer 2

Palpation
* TMJ
* ROM
* Lymph nodes
* Pulses

Cartoid arteries

JVD

Question 3

Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of
head/eye/ear/neck assessments on a patient across the lifespan
eye

Answer 3

Should be white

should look normal

not bulging or red or anything

Question 4

Describe the steps to complete a head/eye/ear/neck
assessment on a patient across the lifespan

Ear

Answer 4

Symmetrical
* Drainage
* Lumps/lesions/eczema
* Tenderness
* Otoscope: Pinna up and back on and adult; Pull pinna down on an
infant or younger than 3 year

Question 5

Describe the steps to complete a head/eye/ear/neck
assessment on a patient across the lifespan

Eye

Answer 5

Confrontation Test
* Ophthalmoscope
* Snellen Eye chart
* Pen light inspection
* PERRLA
* Red reflex
* EOMs (6 cardinal positions of gaze)

Question 6

Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of a neurovascular assessment on a patient across the lifespan

Answer 6

Inspection
* LOC
* Lethargic
* Stuporous
* Comatose
* Ax0x4 (person, place, time,
situation)
* Skull fracture

Question 7

Describe the steps to complete a neurological assessment on
a patient across the lifespan

Answer 7

Coma scale

repeat numbers, sensations

Cranial nerves

Reflex test in biceps, triceps, patellar and achilles

Question 8

Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of a musculoskeletal assessment on a patient across the lifespan

Answer 8

Deformity
* Swelling
* Redness
* Atrophy
* Observe Gait
* Heel walk
* Toe walk
* Spine defects
* Kyphosis
* Lordosis
* Scoliosis

Question 9

Describe the steps to complete a musculoskeletal assessment
on a patient across the lifespan

Answer 9

Grade muscle strength 0-5

palpate joints for noises,swelling,heat,pain

ROM on shoulders, elbow,hand/wrist,hip,knee, ankle

Question 10

Describe the proper method for utilizing crutches, walkers,
and canes for a patient

Answer 10

CANES
 Hold the cane on the strong side of the body
 Position the tip about 6 inches to the side and 6 inches in front of the near foot
 The elbow should be slightly flexed
 Move the cane forward while body weight is on both legs
 Move the affected leg—weight borne by cane and stronger leg
 Move the unaffected leg forward
 As strength improves, move cane and weak leg forward together

WALKERS
 When maximum support is needed
o Move the walker ahead about 6 inches while body weight is borne by both legs
o Move the right foot up to the walker—weight on left leg and arms
o Move the left foot up to the right foot—weight on right leg and both arms
 When one leg is weaker than the other
o Move the walker and the weak leg ahead together about 6 inches while weight is borne on the stronger
leg
o Move the stronger leg ahead while weight is borne by the affected leg and both arms

CRUTCHES
 The body weight should be on the arms, not the axillae
 Maintain an erect posture
 Keep crutch tips dry
 Wear low-heeled rubber soled shoes (or shoe)
 Four-point gait—most stable—need weight bearing on both legs
o Move right crutch ahead 4-6 inches
o Move left foot forward
o Move the left crutch forward
o Move the right foot forward
 Three point gait—total body weight is borne on unaffected leg
o Move both crutches and the weaker leg forward—usually held above ground
o Move the stronger leg forward
 Two point alternate gait—faster than four point and requires partial weight bearing on both legs
o Move the left crutch and right foot forward together
o Move the right crutch and left foot ahead together

GOING UP STAIRS—“Up with the good”
 Transfer body weight to the crutches and move the unaffected leg onto the step
 Transfer body weight to the unaffected leg on the step and move the crutches and affected leg up to the step.

GOING DOWN STAIRS—“Down with the bad”
 Transfer body weight to the unaffected leg and move the crutches and affected leg down onto the next step.
 Transfer body weight to the crutches and move the unaffected leg down to the step.

Question 11

Math conversions