lp 12 vocab

Question 1

CNS—

Answer 1

Central nervous system, consist of just the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

—Peripheral nervous system, the nervous system that is everything but brain and spinal cord. This will send communication signals to and from CNS to rest of bone

Question 3

Cerebellum—

Answer 3

Back lower extruding part of brain, this function is to help in coordination, balance, speech, walking, posture and eye movements

Question 4

Fasciculations-

Answer 4

Also known as the muscle twitch, this is when the muscle fibers involuntary contract and move due to the motor neuron

Question 5

Paralysis—

Answer 5

complete loss of muscle function in specific part of body. The nerves are unable to communicate to rest of body the actions required for movements

Question 6

Romberg Test—

Answer 6

Tests the patients balance by standing in place with eyes open for 10 seconds, and then closed for 10 seconds.

Question 7

Ataxia

Answer 7

—Muscle control that is very poor, causing the patient to have improper speech, coordination, balance and eye movements. This is due to the cerebellum having issues

Question 8

Stereognosis

Answer 8

—Without being able to see, smell or hear the object, being able to identify an object based purely off of touch. When feeling for an object, being able to only use touch as an identifier.

Question 9

Clonus

Answer 9

—Caused by poor CNS function, this is when the (ankle, patella, triceps, wrist, jaw or biceps) will involuntarily contract without human control. This is a repetitive motion where it keeps contracting

Question 10

Hyperreflexia

Answer 10

—When the body overreacts every stimulus with an overreacted reflex response. The body will receive stimulates like normal, but will overreact to everything

Question 11

Babinski sign

Answer 11

—in children under the age of 2, stroking the lateral plantar part of foot will cause the big toe to extend upward

Question 12

Rooting reflex

Answer 12

—The baby will turn its head towards anything that touches or stimulates it. This is a natural ability that is caused from the ability to breastfeed, so the baby will turn its head towards everything.

Question 13

LOC—

Answer 13

Level of consciousness. This is how well the neurological system responds to the environment around them and how conscious/ self-aware the patient is

Question 14

Glasgow coma scale

Answer 14

—This is a scale that measures the neurological system functions. It measures how well the eyes respond, how well verbally you respond and how well the motor system responds.

Question 15

Tremor-

Answer 15

neurological condition, causing shaking of moving body parts. When the body part in unable to move normally/smoothly without shaking.

Question 16

Decerebrate posturing

Answer 16

-Another indication of poor neuroglial function. This is when the patient is stiff, but with arms that are bent, clenched fists, and straight legs.

Question 17

Decorticate posturing –

Answer 17

When there is flexion in arms, and extension in the legs when at rest, this is an indicator of damage to the nervous system in the brain

Question 18

Dysphagia—

Answer 18

When the patient has difficulty swallowing foods or liquids. This can range from just some foods/liquids to not being able to swallow at all

Question 19

Dysarthria

Answer 19

—When the patient has a difficulty speaking. This is because the success is weak and/or the patent just cannot control the muscles in the mouth

Question 20

Peripheral neuropathy—

Answer 20

Any nerves that are inside the peripheral nervous system that got damaged are a part of peripheral neuropathy

Question 21

DTR—

Answer 21

This response is stimulated by a small blow from the reflex hammer, onto the tendon. Using force, you will get a response that tells the nurse how well the neurological system is working for the patient. Left and right side should be equal

Question 22

Senile tremors—

Answer 22

Due to old age and old neurological system, the older someone gets the more likely they are for senile tremors, meaning when the body will shake due to low neurological strength, most happens in hands

Question 23

Pronator drift—

Answer 23

Patients will hold arms out in supination, pronator drift is when the arms start to drift inwards and cause the arm to go into pronation due to low muscle strength