Chap7 Exchange Of Surfaces and Breathing

Question 1

Capillary

Answer 1

Blood vessels that transport nutrients and oxygen to cells in body

Question 2

Countercurrent principle

Answer 2

More gaseous exchange can take place because steeper concentration gradients

Question 3

Exoskeleton

Answer 3

Little to no gaseous exchange takes place
Covered in wax for protection

Question 4

Filaments

Answer 4

Increases resistance to flow of water

Question 5

Lamellae

Answer 5

Membrane of tissue
Binds adjacent cells together

Question 6

Spiracles

Answer 6

Air enters and leaves and water is lost through them
If low oxygen demands they will close

Question 7

Tracheae

Answer 7

Largest tubes or respiratory system in insects

Question 8

Tracheoles

Answer 8

Single Elongated cell with no chitin lining making it permeable to gases

Question 9

Which cell in trachea produces mucus?

Answer 9

Goblet cell

Question 10

What is the role of internal intercostal muscles in expiration?

Answer 10

They contract and pull the ribcage downwards and inwards

Question 11

Which formula calculates tidal volume?

Answer 11

Pulmonary ventilation rate / breathing rate

Question 12

Why do small unicellular organisms have low metabolic activity?

Answer 12

Need little O2 and produce little CO2
Large SA:vol so faster diffusion
Short distance between O2 intake and usage area

Question 13

Why do large multicellular organisms have high metabolic activity?

Answer 13

Need more O2 and produce more CO2
Small SA:vol so slower diffusion
Long distance between O2 uptake and usage area

Question 14

List features of large multicellular organisms needed for surface exchange

Answer 14

Increased surface area

Thin layers

Good blood supply

Question 15

What happens to atmospheric pressure during inspiration / expiration ?

Answer 15

Insp: increases
Exp: decreases

Question 16

What happens to volume and pressure of thorax during inspiration / expiration?

Answer 16

Insp: volume increases and pressure decreases

Exp: volume decreases and pressure increases

Question 17

What happens to diaphragm during inspiration / expiration?

Answer 17

Insp: flattens and contracts

Exp: relaxes returning to dome shape

Question 18

What is a spirometer?

Answer 18

Measures different aspects of lung volume and investigates breathing pattern

Question 19

What does soda lime do?

Answer 19

Absorbs CO2 to avoid harmful effects

Question 20

Total lung capacity

Answer 20

Volume of air in lungs at maximum inflation

Question 21

Vital capacity

Answer 21

Maximum volume of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation

Question 22

Tidal volume

Answer 22

Volume of air moving in and out of lungs when breathing at rest

Question 23

Maximum inspiration
(Inspiratory capacity)

Answer 23

Tidal volume + inspiratory capacity

Question 24

Maximum expiration
(Expiratory capacity)

Answer 24

Tidal volume + expiratory capacity

Question 25

Residual volume

Answer 25

Volume of air left in lungs after maximum exhalation

Question 26

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation

Question 27

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 27

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after normal inhalation

Question 28

List adaptations of villi and alveoli

Answer 28

Large SA:vol Good blood supply to maintain concentration Microvilli increase surface area Thin walls for short diffusion pathway

Question 29

What is the name of mechanism in fish gills?

Answer 29

Counter current mechanism

Question 30

Why are fish gills pink?

Answer 30

Oxygenated blood flows through

Question 31

Why do fish gills have feather-like appearance?

Answer 31

Higher surface area