Chap12 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is a bacteriophage
Virus that attacks bacteria
What pathogen exists in colonies and not only single cellar organisms?
Protoctista
What pathogen causes ring rot?
Bacteria
What pathogen causes black Sigatoka
What crop does it affect?
Virus
Bananas
What pathogen causes tuberculosis?
Bacteria
Lungs
Antibiotics
What cells does HIV attack?
T helper cells
Clonal selection
Binding of antigens to B cells and production of plasma cells
What do B cells contain on cell surface membrane?
Antibodies
What do T helper cells activate?
B cells
Phagocytes
T cytotoxic cells
Interleukins
Type of cytokine released by T helper cells to regulate activity of immune cells
Clonal expansion
Rapid production of many immune cells
Plasma cells
Identical B cells
Produce monoclonal antibodies bind to antigen of pathogen
Agglutination
Clumping of pathogens together and them being destroyed by phagocytosis
What forms when antigen binds to antibody?
Antigen-antibody-complex
What enzyme breaks down pathogen in phagocytosis?
Proteolytic enzyme
Which structure of antibody binds specifically to antigens?
Variable regions
What connects variable region to constant region?
Hinge proteins
What connects heavy chains to light chains in antibody?
Disulphide bridges
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Why do antibiotics NOT affect viruses?
Virus are not living cells
Stay inside host cells
What is MRSA?
Superbug because it is resistant to many antibiotics
Plant defences against pathogens
Stomata- close to prevent entry of pathogens
Callose- strengthens cell wall
Oxidative burst- strengthens cell wall linkages
Apoptosis
Cell suicide
Lymphocyte
Wbc that identifies non self cells
