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A Level Biology > Chap6 Cell Division > Flashcards

Chap6 Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two stages of cell division?

A

Interphase

Mitotic stage

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2
Q

What happens at G1 of interphase?

A

Cell growth

Checking for DNA damage and correct size of cell

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3
Q

What happens at G2 of interphase?

A

Cell growth

Chromosomes checked for replication and no faulty DNA

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4
Q

What happens at checkpoint M in interphase?

A

Sister chromatids checked for attachment to spindle

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5
Q

What happens at stage S in interphase?

A

DNA synthesis

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6
Q

INTERPHASE of mitosis

A

DNA replicated my semi-conservative replication

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7
Q

METAPHASE of mitosis

A

Chromosomes line up along middle of cell

Attached by centromere

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8
Q

ANAPHASE of mitosis

A

Chromosomes break into two chromatids

Chromatids separate and spindles contract to pull them to each pole of cell

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9
Q

TELOPHASE of mitosis

A

Chromatids unravel into chromosomes again

Nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes making two nuclei

Cytoplasm splits forming two daughter cells

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10
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm bringing about two daughter cells

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11
Q

Centromere

A

The centre region of chromosome to which spindle attach

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12
Q

Chromatid

A

Chromosome divides into this during cell division

Each contain double helix of DNA

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13
Q

Centriole

A

Involved in developing spindle fibres in cell division

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14
Q

Plasmid

A

Circular double stranded DNA molecule

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15
Q

INTERPHASE of meiosis

A

Chromosomes replicate to form chromatids

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16
Q

PROPHASE 1 of meiosis

A

Chromatids condense to form sister chromatid

17
Q

METAPHASE 1 of meiosis

A

Chromosomes in diploid organisms found in HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS (identical genes different alleles)

Chromosomes moved by spindle fibres

18
Q

ANAPHASE 1 of meiosis

A

Homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of cell by spindle fibres

19
Q

TELOPHASE 1 of meiosis

A

Random combinations of chromosomes pulled to each side of cell

20
Q

Cytokinesis of meiosis 1

A

One chromosome from pair separated into each cell

2 Genetically different cells produced

21
Q

PROPHASE 2 of meiosis

A

Chromatids condense again

Spindles form

22
Q

METAPHASE 2

A

Chromosomes line up in centre of cell

Not in pairs

23
Q

ANAPHASE 2

A

Sister chromatids pulled by spindle fibres to opposite ends of cell

24
Q

TELOPHASE 2 + cytokinesis of meiosis

A

Sister chromatids separated and cell divides into two

4 Genetically different cells produced

25
Q

How is genetic variation brought about during meiosis?

A

Independent segregation of homologous chromosomes crossing over

Formation of chiasmata

26
Q

How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

A

Mutations can occur during meiosis

Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells

Random assortment of homologous chromosomes

Exchanging segments of DNA

A Level Biology (11 decks)

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